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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 核苷类药物

    核苷类药物

    许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用，是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果，并且毒性较低，在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物，并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。

    在临床上，一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品，如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外，还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物，例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道，并处于研究开发阶段。

    核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物，其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用，从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用，而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate 134790-39-9 C23H19F2N3O6
    3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine 38972-84-8 C16H18N4O5
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine
    —— dCMP 1032-65-1 C9H12N3O7P
    dCMP
    —— Dtxcid605538 6112-76-1 C5H8N4OS
    Dtxcid605538
    —— (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol 23583-48-4 C10H11BrN5O6P
    (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol
    —— (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol 4594-45-0 C10H11ClN4O3
    (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol
    —— Adenosine triphosphate disodium salt trihydrate 51963-61-2 C10H20N5Na2O16P3
    Adenosine triphosphate disodium salt trihydrate
    —— N4-aminocytidine 57294-74-3 C9H14N4O5
    N4-aminocytidine
    —— Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine 987-78-0 C14H26N4O11P2
    Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine
    —— US10874683, Example EIDD-01910-01 57294-74-3 C9H14N4O5
    US10874683, Example EIDD-01910-01
    —— sodium;[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate 102814-03-9 C10H13N5NaO7P
    sodium;[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate
    —— Sodium (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9(6H)-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl phosphate 102814-03-9 C10H12N5Na2O7P
    Sodium (2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9(6H)-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl phosphate
    —— 5'-Inosinic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:2:8) 20813-76-7 C10H27N4Na2O16P
    5'-Inosinic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:2:8)
    —— Disodium guanosine triphosphate 56001-37-7 C10H16N5O14P3
    Disodium guanosine triphosphate
    —— 2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine
    —— 2-{[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}-9-pentofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-ol 3676-72-0 C17H17N5O6
    2-{[Hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino}-9-pentofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-ol
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-α-<i>D</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-α-<i>D</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    <i>O</i><sup>2'<sub>,<i>O</i></sub>3'</sup>-isopropylidene-adenosine
    —— 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (2RS, 3SR) 91121-19-6 C5H10O3
    2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (2RS, 3SR)
    —— uridine 3'-monophosphate 35170-03-7 C9H11N2O9P
    uridine 3'-monophosphate
    —— 2-amino-6-[(isopropyl)oxy]purine 55146-05-9 C8H11N5O
    2-amino-6-[(isopropyl)oxy]purine
    —— 2',3'-cAMP*Na 37063-35-7 C10H11N5O6P*Na
    2',3'-cAMP*Na
    —— 4-amino-1-(<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-phosphono-pentofuranosyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-2-one 63-37-6 C9H14N3O8P
    4-amino-1-(<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-phosphono-pentofuranosyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— L-cytidine-5'-monophosphate 63-37-6 C9H14N3O8P
    L-cytidine-5'-monophosphate
    —— 6-((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine 6025-53-2 C15H21N5O5
    6-((E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine
    —— 9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin 6025-53-2 C15H21N5O5
    9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin
    —— rhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside 34202-83-0 C28H32O16
    rhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside
    —— <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-phosphono-riboflavin; monosodium-salt 6184-17-4 C17H20N4O9P*2H2O*Na
    <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-phosphono-riboflavin; monosodium-salt
    —— 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate 23583-48-4 C10H11BrN5O6P
    8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
    —— adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate monosodium salt 37839-81-9 C10H11N5O6P*Na
    adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate monosodium salt
    —— <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-trihydroxydiphosphoryl-adenosine 58-64-0 C10H15N5O10P2
    <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-trihydroxydiphosphoryl-adenosine
    —— 2'-deoxyadenosine monohydrate 16373-93-6 C10H13N5O3*H2O
    2'-deoxyadenosine monohydrate
    —— 2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine
    —— Navuridine 84472-85-5 C9H11N5O4
    Navuridine
    —— adenosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt 4578-31-8 C10H12N5O7P*2Na
    adenosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt
    —— Vidarabine Sodium Phosphate 132-00-3 C10H12N5O7P*2Na
    Vidarabine Sodium Phosphate
    —— L-cytidine 65-46-3 C9H13N3O5
    L-cytidine
    —— 7,9-dimethylguanine 524-35-6 C7H10N5O
    7,9-dimethylguanine
    —— potassium orotate 24598-73-0 C5H3N2O4*K
    potassium orotate
    —— 3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 76223-05-7 C15H26N2O5Si
    3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— di-tert-butylchlorosilane 56310-18-0 C8H19ClSi
    di-tert-butylchlorosilane
    —— 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid disodium salt 33430-62-5 C10H13N2O8P*2Na
    2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid disodium salt
    —— 8-aminoguanosine 3868-32-4 C10H14N6O5
    8-aminoguanosine
    —— guanosine 118-00-3 C10H13N5O5
    guanosine
    —— adenosine diphosphate ribose 58-64-0 C10H15N5O10P2
    adenosine diphosphate ribose
    —— peonidin 3-O-glucoside 68795-37-9 C22H23O11
    peonidin 3-O-glucoside
    —— apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-N-dimethyl-formamidine-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite 330628-04-1 C43H53N8O7P
    5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-N-dimethyl-formamidine-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite
    —— 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite 93183-15-4 C44H54N7O8P
    5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite
    —— 2'-deoxyguanosine 961-07-9 C10H13N5O4
    2'-deoxyguanosine