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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 核苷类药物

    核苷类药物

    许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用，是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果，并且毒性较低，在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物，并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。

    在临床上，一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品，如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外，还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物，例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道，并处于研究开发阶段。

    核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物，其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用，从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用，而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 84472-85-5 C9H11N5O4
    1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin
    —— (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one
    —— apigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione 5116-24-5 C10H14N2O6
    1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)zeatin 6025-53-2 C15H21N5O5
    9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)zeatin
    —— [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate 362-74-3 C18H24N5O8P
    [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate
    —— 8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine 14985-44-5 C10H12BrN5O3
    8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine
    —— α-2-thioribouridine 13255-58-8 C9H12N2O5S
    α-2-thioribouridine
    —— 5-Fluoro-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 77180-80-4 C9H11FN2O6
    5-Fluoro-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 1-(2-Desoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-methylcytosin 838-07-3 C10H15N3O4
    1-(2-Desoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-methylcytosin
    —— 6-thio-inosine 574-25-4 C10H12N4O4S
    6-thio-inosine
    —— o,o'-D-Dityrosine 980-21-2 C18H20N2O6
    o,o'-D-Dityrosine
    —— 2'C-methylcytidine 20724-73-6 C10H15N3O5
    2'C-methylcytidine
    —— 4-N-Acetylcytidine 3768-18-1 C11H15N3O6
    4-N-Acetylcytidine
    —— uridine-3'-phosphate disodium salt 35170-03-7 C9H11N2O9P*2Na
    uridine-3'-phosphate disodium salt
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(2-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 4546-54-7 C10H13N5O4
    (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(2-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— [(3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    [(3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— Adenosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt dihydrate 16178-48-6 C10H17N5Na2O12P2
    Adenosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt dihydrate
    —— 33430-62-5 C10H15N2NaO8P
    —— Adenosine 5'-monophosphate xsodium salt 1231926-40-1 C10H14N5NaO7P
    Adenosine 5'-monophosphate xsodium salt
    —— 3387-36-8 C9H13N2NaO9P
    —— sodium;[(3aS,4R,6R,6aS)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-6-yl]methanol 37063-35-7 C10H11N5NaO6P
    sodium;[(3aS,4R,6R,6aS)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-6-yl]methanol
    —— Ac-dC Phosphoramidite 154110-40-4 C41H50N5O8P
    Ac-dC Phosphoramidite
    —— disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate 3106-17-0 C10H12N5O8P*2Na
    disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate
    —— peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside 47729-58-8 C22H23O11
    peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside
    —— peonidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside 47729-58-8 C22H23O11
    peonidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside
    —— β-DL-Isopropylideninosin 2140-11-6 C13H16N4O5
    β-DL-Isopropylideninosin
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose
    —— 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 50-90-8 C9H11ClN2O5
    5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— Deoxy-uridin 951-78-0 C9H12N2O5
    Deoxy-uridin
    —— 4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one 2140-61-6 C10H15N3O5
    4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>D</i>-<i>erythro</i>-1,2-dideoxy-pentofuranose 958-09-8 C10H13N5O3
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>D</i>-<i>erythro</i>-1,2-dideoxy-pentofuranose
    —— L-guanosine 26578-09-6 C10H13N5O5
    L-guanosine
    —— 2-amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one 27462-39-1 C10H13N5O5
    2-amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
    —— 2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-β-<i>D</i>-lyxofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one 362-76-5 C13H17N5O5
    2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-β-<i>D</i>-lyxofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one
    —— ((1<i>S</i>)-<i>trans</i>-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 3416-05-5 C10H14N2O4
    ((1<i>S</i>)-<i>trans</i>-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— trans-1-(D,L-5-hydroxymethyl-2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-methyluracil 121786-60-5 C10H14N2O4
    trans-1-(D,L-5-hydroxymethyl-2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-methyluracil
    —— 5-(3-amino-1-propynyl)-2',3'-dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphoric acid 114748-56-0 C12H19N4O12P3
    5-(3-amino-1-propynyl)-2',3'-dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphoric acid
    —— [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dibenzoyloxy-5-cyanooxolan-2-yl]methyl benzoate 23316-67-8 C27H21NO7
    [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dibenzoyloxy-5-cyanooxolan-2-yl]methyl benzoate
    —— 7-Deaza-7-propargylamino-ddATP 114748-69-5 C14H20N5O11P3
    7-Deaza-7-propargylamino-ddATP
    —— lobetyolin 129277-38-9 C20H28O8
    lobetyolin
    —— 1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3-azido-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 26929-65-7 C9H11N5O5
    1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3-azido-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate 134790-39-9 C23H19F2N3O6
    3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine 38972-84-8 C16H18N4O5
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine
    —— dCMP 1032-65-1 C9H12N3O7P
    dCMP
    —— Dtxcid605538 6112-76-1 C5H8N4OS
    Dtxcid605538
    —— (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol 23583-48-4 C10H11BrN5O6P
    (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol
    —— (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol 4594-45-0 C10H11ClN4O3
    (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol