许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用,是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果,并且毒性较低,在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物,并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上,一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品,如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外,还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物,例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道,并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物,其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用,从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用,而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,15-二十五氟-2-碘十五烷-1-醇 | beta-D-Ribofuranose, 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio- | 53458-28-9 | C11H15N5O3S |
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4'-硫代胞苷 | 4'-thiocytidine | 93080-09-2 | C9H13N3O4S |
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3′-氟-2′,3′-二脱氧尿苷 | 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-3-fluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-uracil | 41107-56-6 | C9H11FN2O4 |
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3-脱氮腺苷 | 3-deazaadenosine | 6736-58-9 | C11H14N4O4 |
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3-脱氧鸟苷 | 3'-deoxyguanosine | 3608-58-0 | C10H13N5O4 |
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3-脱氧胞苷 | 3'-deoxycytidine | 7057-33-2 | C9H13N3O4 |
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3-脱氧尿苷 | 3'-deoxyuridine | 7057-27-4 | C9H12N2O5 |
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3-甲基黄嘌呤 | 3-methyl-xanthine | 1076-22-8 | C6H6N4O2 |
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3-氨基-1,2,4-二噻唑-5-硫酮 | 5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione | 6846-35-1 | C2H2N2S3 |
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3-氟-3-脱氧鸟苷 | 2-amino-9-((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one | 123402-21-1 | C10H12FN5O4 |
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3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤 | (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) | 28822-58-4 | C10H14N4O2 |
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3-[(9H-嘌呤-6-基氨基)甲基]苯酚 | m-topolin | 75737-38-1 | C12H11N5O |
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3'-脱氧-3'-氟尿苷 | 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorouridine | 57944-13-5 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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3'-甲氧基鸟苷 | 3'-O-methylguanosine | 10300-27-3 | C11H15N5O5 |
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3'-甲氧基腺苷 | 3'-O-methyladenosine | 10300-22-8 | C11H15N5O4 |
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3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧鸟苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine | 66323-49-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
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3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 7403-25-0 | C10H14N6O2 |
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3'-叠氮-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 66323-44-2 | C10H12N8O2 |
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3'-O-甲基胞苷 | 3'-O-Methylcytidine | 20594-00-7 | C10H15N3O5 |
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3'-O-(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)胸苷 | 3'-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)thymidine | 40733-27-5 | C16H28N2O5Si |
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3',5'-双乙酰基-5-碘-脱氧尿苷 | 3',5'-O-diacetyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine | 1956-30-5 | C13H15IN2O7 |
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2’-脱氧腺苷-5’-三磷酸二钠盐 | 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt | 74299-50-6 | C10H14N5Na2O12P3 |
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2’-氨基-D-尿苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine | 26889-39-4 | C9H13N3O5 |
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2’-O-甲基肌苷 | 2'-O-methylinosine | 3881-21-8 | C11H14N4O5 |
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2’-O-(2-甲氧基乙基)-5-甲基尿苷 | 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine | 163759-49-7 | C13H20N2O7 |
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2’-C-甲基腺苷 | 2'-C-methyladenosine | 15397-12-3 | C11H15N5O4 |
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2’-C-甲基尿苷 | 2'-C-methyluridine | 31448-54-1 | C10H14N2O6 |
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2’,3’,5’-三乙酰肌苷 | 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetylinosine | 3181-38-2 | C16H18N4O8 |
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2’,2’-二氟-2’-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷-3’,5’-二苯甲酸酯 | 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine-3',5'-dibenzoate | 134790-39-9 | C23H19F2N3O6 |
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2-苯基氨基腺苷 | 2-phenylaminoadenosine | 53296-10-9 | C16H18N6O4 |
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2-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-Deoxyuridine | 951-78-0 | C9H12N2O5 |
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2-脱氧-1-溴-2-氟-3,5-二苯甲酰基-alpha-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖 | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide | 97614-44-3 | C19H16BrFO5 |
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2-羟基-6-氨基嘌呤 | isoguanine | 3373-53-3 | C5H5N5O |
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2-碘腺苷 | 2-iodoadenosine | 35109-88-7 | C10H12IN5O4 |
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2-硫代胞苷 | 2-thiocytidine | 13239-97-9 | C9H13N3O4S |
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2-硫代尿苷 | 2-thiouridine | 20235-78-3 | C9H12N2O5S |
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2-甲基-4,6-二氯-5-氨基嘧啶 | 5-amino-4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine | 39906-04-2 | C5H5Cl2N3 |
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2-氯腺嘌呤核苷 | 2-chloroadenosine hydrate | 81012-94-4 | C10H12ClN5O4*H2O |
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2-氯腺嘌呤核苷 | 2-Chloroadenosine | 146-77-0 | C10H12ClN5O4 |
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2-氯肌苷 | 2-chloroinosine | 13276-43-2 | C10H11ClN4O5 |
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2-氯-N6-环戊基腺苷 | 2-chloro-N<sup>6</sup>-cyclopentyladenosine | 37739-05-2 | C15H20ClN5O4 |
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2-氨基腺嘌呤核苷 | 2-aminoadenosine | 2096-10-8 | C10H14N6O4 |
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2-氨基嘌呤核苷 | 2-amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurine | 4546-54-7 | C10H13N5O4 |
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2-氨基嘌呤 | 9H-purin-2-amine | 452-06-2 | C5H5N5 |
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2-氨基-6-碘嘌呤 | 2-amino-6-iodopurine | 19690-23-4 | C5H4IN5 |
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2-氨基-6-甲氧基嘌呤 | O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine | 20535-83-5 | C6H7N5O |
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2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤 | 2-Amino-6-chloropurin | 10310-21-1 | C5H4ClN5 |
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2-氨基-6-巯嘌呤 | 6-Methylthioguanine | 1198-47-6 | C6H7N5S |
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2-氨基-4-羟基吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 2-amino-3,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one | 7355-55-7 | C6H6N4O |
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2-氨基-4-氯吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine | 84955-31-7 | C6H5ClN4 |
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