许多嘌呤和嘧啶的核苷类似物在组织培养和动物体内具有显著的抗病毒作用,是一类有希望的抗病毒化合物。其中一些对病毒具有选择性的抑制效果,并且毒性较低,在动物体内的有效化合物已发展成为核苷类抗病毒药物,并已在临床中得到应用并商业化。目前被广泛认可的包括碘苷、三氟胸苷、环胞苷、阿糖腺苷和无环鸟苷等。
在临床上,一些化合物显示出一定的治疗效果并在某些国家有商品化的产品,如三氮唑核苷、阿糖腺苷单磷酸和溴乙烯尿苷等。此外,还有一些正在接受临床试验以观察其疗效的核苷类药物,例如氟碘阿糖胞苷。不断有新的抗病毒核苷类似物被报道,并处于研究开发阶段。
核苷类似物是一种核酸抗代谢物,其结构与正常的核酸前体相似。它们通过竞争性地抑制核酸合成酶系统或取代正常核酸前体来发挥作用,从而阻断病毒或细胞的核酸合成。这些化合物对病毒核酸具有选择性的抑制作用,而对宿主细胞核酸的影响较小。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5,6-二氢-5-甲基尿嘧啶 | 5,6-dihydrothymine | 696-04-8 | C5H8N2O2 |
| 5'-鸟苷酸二钠 | Guanosine 5'-monophosphate, disodium salt | 5550-12-9 | C10H14N5O8P.2Na |
| 5'-腺嘌呤核苷酸 | 5'-adenosine monophosphate | 61-19-8 | C10H14N5O7P |
| 5'-胞苷酸 | cytidine monophosphate | 63-37-6 | C9H14N3O8P |
| 5'-氯-5'-脱氧腺苷 | 5'-deoxy-5'-chloroadenosine | 892-48-8 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
| 5'-尿苷酸二钠 | 3387-36-8 | C9H13N2Na2O9P | |
| 5'-对甲苯磺酸腺苷 | 5'-tosyladenosine | 5135-30-8 | C17H19N5O6S |
| 5'-O-三苯甲基尿苷 | 5'-O-trityluridine | 6554-10-5 | C28H26N2O6 |
| 5'-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-3'-O-[(叔丁基)二甲基硅烷基]尿苷 | 5'-O-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methyl]-3'-O-[dimethyl(tert-butyl)silyl]uridine | 81246-81-3 | C36H44N2O8Si |
| 5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基)-N2-异丁酰基-2'-氟脱氧鸟苷 | N-(9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)isobutyramide | 144089-96-3 | C35H36FN5O7 |
| 5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基)-2'-脱氧尿苷-3'-O-[O-(2-氰基乙基)-N,N'-二异丙基亚磷酰胺] | DMT-dU Phosphoramidite | 109389-30-2 | C39H47N4O8P |
| 5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基)-N6-苯甲酰基-2'-脱氧腺苷-3'-(2-氰乙基-N,N-二异丙基)亚磷酰胺 | N6-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-O-[O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N'-diisopropylphosphoramidite] | 98796-53-3 | C47H52N7O7P |
| 4-硫代胸苷 | 4-thiothymidine | 7236-57-9 | C10H14N2O4S |
| 4-硫代尿苷 | 4-thiouridine | 13957-31-8 | C9H12N2O5S |
| 4-氨基-3-肼基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮唑 | Purpald(R) | 1750-12-5 | C2H6N6S |
| 4,6-二羟基-2-甲基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-4,6-dione | 40497-30-1 | C5H6N2O2 |
| 4,5,6-三氨基嘧啶硫酸盐水合物,98+(DRYWT.),WATER<8 | 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine sulfate hydrate | 207742-76-5 | C4H7N5*H2O*H2O4S |
| 4,5,6-三氨基嘧啶硫酸盐 | 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine sulfate | 68738-86-3 | C4H7N5*H2O4S |
| 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,15-二十五氟-2-碘十五烷-1-醇 | beta-D-Ribofuranose, 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio- | 53458-28-9 | C11H15N5O3S |
| 4'-硫代胞苷 | 4'-thiocytidine | 93080-09-2 | C9H13N3O4S |
| 3′-氟-2′,3′-二脱氧尿苷 | 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-3-fluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-uracil | 41107-56-6 | C9H11FN2O4 |
| 3-脱氮腺苷 | 3-deazaadenosine | 6736-58-9 | C11H14N4O4 |
| 3-脱氧鸟苷 | 3'-deoxyguanosine | 3608-58-0 | C10H13N5O4 |
| 3-脱氧胞苷 | 3'-deoxycytidine | 7057-33-2 | C9H13N3O4 |
| 3-脱氧尿苷 | 3'-deoxyuridine | 7057-27-4 | C9H12N2O5 |
| 3-甲基黄嘌呤 | 3-methyl-xanthine | 1076-22-8 | C6H6N4O2 |
| 3-氨基-1,2,4-二噻唑-5-硫酮 | 5-amino-3H-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione | 6846-35-1 | C2H2N2S3 |
| 3-氟-3-脱氧鸟苷 | 2-amino-9-((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one | 123402-21-1 | C10H12FN5O4 |
| 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤 | (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) | 28822-58-4 | C10H14N4O2 |
| 3-[(9H-嘌呤-6-基氨基)甲基]苯酚 | m-topolin | 75737-38-1 | C12H11N5O |
| 3'-脱氧-3'-氟尿苷 | 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorouridine | 57944-13-5 | C9H11FN2O5 |
| 3'-甲氧基鸟苷 | 3'-O-methylguanosine | 10300-27-3 | C11H15N5O5 |
| 3'-甲氧基腺苷 | 3'-O-methyladenosine | 10300-22-8 | C11H15N5O4 |
| 3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧鸟苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine | 66323-49-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
| 3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 7403-25-0 | C10H14N6O2 |
| 3'-叠氮-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 66323-44-2 | C10H12N8O2 |
| 3'-O-甲基胞苷 | 3'-O-Methylcytidine | 20594-00-7 | C10H15N3O5 |
| 3'-O-(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)胸苷 | 3'-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)thymidine | 40733-27-5 | C16H28N2O5Si |
| 3',5'-双乙酰基-5-碘-脱氧尿苷 | 3',5'-O-diacetyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine | 1956-30-5 | C13H15IN2O7 |
| 2’-脱氧腺苷-5’-三磷酸二钠盐 | 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt | 74299-50-6 | C10H14N5Na2O12P3 |
| 2’-氨基-D-尿苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine | 26889-39-4 | C9H13N3O5 |
| 2’-O-甲基肌苷 | 2'-O-methylinosine | 3881-21-8 | C11H14N4O5 |
| 2’-O-(2-甲氧基乙基)-5-甲基尿苷 | 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyluridine | 163759-49-7 | C13H20N2O7 |
| 2’-C-甲基腺苷 | 2'-C-methyladenosine | 15397-12-3 | C11H15N5O4 |
| 2’-C-甲基尿苷 | 2'-C-methyluridine | 31448-54-1 | C10H14N2O6 |
| 2’,3’,5’-三乙酰肌苷 | 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetylinosine | 3181-38-2 | C16H18N4O8 |
| 2’,2’-二氟-2’-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷-3’,5’-二苯甲酸酯 | 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine-3',5'-dibenzoate | 134790-39-9 | C23H19F2N3O6 |
| 2-苯基氨基腺苷 | 2-phenylaminoadenosine | 53296-10-9 | C16H18N6O4 |
| 2-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-Deoxyuridine | 951-78-0 | C9H12N2O5 |
| 2-脱氧-1-溴-2-氟-3,5-二苯甲酰基-alpha-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖 | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide | 97614-44-3 | C19H16BrFO5 |