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度鲁特韦 | 1051375-16-6

中文名称
度鲁特韦
中文别名
多替拉韦;德罗特韦;度鲁特维游离酸;多特格伟
英文名称
dolutegravir
英文别名
DTG;(4R,12aS)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide;(4R,12aS)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1’,2’:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b] [1,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide;(4R,12aS)-9-{[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]carbamoyl}-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-7-olate;S/GSK1349572;GSK1349572;Tivicay;(3S,7R)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-11-hydroxy-7-methyl-9,12-dioxo-4-oxa-1,8-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradeca-10,13-diene-13-carboxamide
度鲁特韦化学式
CAS
1051375-16-6
化学式
C20H19F2N3O5
mdl
——
分子量
419.385
InChiKey
RHWKPHLQXYSBKR-BMIGLBTASA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    187-189°C
  • 沸点:
    669.0±55.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.53
  • 溶解度:
    DMSO(轻微、加热、超声处理)、甲醇(轻微、加热、超声处理)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1.39X10-17 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.4
  • 重原子数:
    30
  • 可旋转键数:
    3
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.35
  • 拓扑面积:
    99.2
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    8

ADMET

代谢
多鲁特格拉韦尔(Dolutegravir)通过三个主要途径高度代谢,并且不形成长期存活的代谢物。第一条途径是由UGT1A1催化的葡萄糖苷酸化,第二条途径是由CYP3A4催化的碳氧化,第三条途径似乎是一系列氧化去氟化和谷胱甘肽结合。在血浆中发现的 主要代谢物是醚葡萄糖苷酸形式(M2),其化学性质破坏了与金属离子结合的能力,因此它是非活性的。[A31344]
Dolutegravir is highly metabolized through three main pathways and it forms no long-lived metabolites. The first pathway is defined by the glucuronidation by UGT1A1, the second pathway by carbon oxidation by CYP3A4 and the third pathway is what appears to be a sequential oxidative defluorination and glutathione conjugation. The main metabolite found in blood plasma is the ether glucuronide form (M2) and its chemical properties disrupt its ability to bind metal ions, therefore, it is inactive.[A31344]
来源:DrugBank
代谢
多鲁特格拉韦主要通过UGT1A1代谢,部分通过CYP3A。... 多鲁特格拉韦的乙醚葡萄糖苷酸(占总剂量的18.9%),一种通过在苄基碳上氧化形成的代谢物(占总剂量的3.0%),以及其水解N-脱烷基化产物(占总剂量的3.6%)。...
Dolutegravir is primarily metabolized via UGT1A1 with some contribution from CYP3A. ... ether glucuronide of dolutegravir (18.9% of total dose), a metabolite formed by oxidation at the benzylic carbon (3.0% of total dose), and its hydrolytic N-dealkylation product (3.6% of total dose). ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模临床试验中,使用多替拉韦治疗与丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)升高超过正常上限(ULN)3倍的情况在2%到5%的患者中出现,但这些比率与接受匹配的背景优化抗逆转录病毒治疗(不含多替拉韦)的对照组相似。这些升高并未伴随临床症状,通常不需要调整剂量。在多替拉韦的注册试验中描述了少数急性肝损伤和黄疸的实例,这些情况与超敏反应有关,并在停药后得到解决。这些病例的临床特征并未提供,它们与多替拉韦的关系相对于同时使用的抗逆转录病毒药物并未完全确定。然而,自从多替拉韦获得批准并更广泛使用以来,出现了几例归因于多替拉韦的急性肝炎的病例报告。发病潜伏期从1个月到8个月不等,血清酶升高的模式是肝细胞型。没有出现免疫过敏和自身免疫特征。至少有一个已发表的病例导致了急性肝衰竭并需要肝移植。多替拉韦的产品标签提到肝炎和肝衰竭作为潜在的副作用,并指出乙型或丙型肝炎共感染患者在开始多替拉韦治疗时容易恶化或肝炎发作,可能是免疫重建综合征的结果。建议在开始包含多替拉韦的治疗方案的患者中监测肝功能测试。
In large clinical trials, therapy with dolutegravir was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations of greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 2% to 5% of patients, but these rates were similar to those in comparator groups receiving matched background optimized antiretroviral therapy without dolutegravir. These elevations were not associated with clinical symptoms and generally did not require dose modification. A few instances of acute liver injury with jaundice were described in the registration trials for dolutegravir which occurred in association with hypersensitivity reactions and resolved with drug discontinuation. The clinical features of these cases were not provided and their association with dolutegravir as opposed to the concurrent antiretroviral agents was not fully established. Since its approval and more wide spread use, however, several case reports of acute hepatitis attributable to dolutegravir have appeared. The latency to onset varried from 1 to 8 months and the pattern of serum enzyme elevations was hepatocellular. Immunoallergic and autoimmune features were not present. At least one published case resulted in acute liver failure and need for liver transplanation. The product label for dolutegravir mentions hepatitis and hepatic failure as potential adverse reactions and states that patients with hepatitis B or C coinfection are susceptible to worsening or flares of hepatitis with initiation of dolutegravir therapy, perhaps as a consequence of immune reconstitution syndrome. Monitoring of liver tests is recommended in patients starting regimens that include dolutegravir.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模临床试验中,使用比克替拉韦与恩曲他滨和替诺福韦艾拉酚胺联合治疗与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高(超过正常上限1.5倍)相关,11%的患者出现了这种情况,但这些比率与接受匹配的背景优化抗逆转录病毒治疗(不含比克替拉韦)的对照组(12%至15%)相似。超过5倍正常上限的升高仅发生在1.4%的比克替拉韦治疗者中,而对照组受试者为0.9%至1.3%。这些升高并未与临床症状相关,通常不需要调整剂量。此外,没有出现急性肝细胞损伤和黄疸的情况。比克替拉韦的产品标签提到,当停止使用比克替拉韦与恩曲他滨和替诺福韦联合治疗时,可能会出现急性乙型肝炎加重和肝衰竭作为潜在的副作用。这种不良反应可能在停止任何对HBV有同时活性的抗逆转录病毒方案时发生,并代表了替诺福韦和恩曲他滨的作用。然而,自从比克替拉韦获得批准并更广泛使用以来,没有已发表的报告中明确将临床明显的肝损伤或乙型肝炎加重归因于比克替拉韦。
In large clinical trials, therapy with bictegravir combined with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations (above 1.5 times ULN) in 11% patients, but these rates were similar to those in comparator groups (12% to 15%) receiving matched background optimized antiretroviral therapy without bictegravir. Elevations above 5 times ULN occurred in only 1.4% of bictegravir vs 0.9% to 1.3% of control comparator arm subjects. The elevations were not associated with clinical symptoms and generally did not require dose modification. In addition, there were no instances of acute hepatocellular liver injury with jaundice. The product label for bictegravir mentions acute exacerbations of hepatitis B and hepatic failure as potential adverse reactions when bictegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir is discontinued. This adverse reaction can occur upon discontinuation of any antiretroviral regimen with concurrent activity against HBV and represents the effects of tenofovir and emtricitabine. Nevertheless, since its approval and its more widescale use, there have been no published reports of clinically apparent cases of liver injury or exacerbation of hepatitis B convincingly attributed to bictegravir.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 相互作用
多鲁特格拉韦由UGT1A1代谢,CYP3A也有所贡献。多鲁特格拉韦也是UGT1A3、UGT1A9、BCRP和P-糖蛋白的底物。诱导这些酶和转运蛋白的药物可能会降低多鲁特格拉韦的血浆浓度,减少多鲁特格拉韦的治疗效果。多鲁特格拉韦与其他抑制这些酶的药物联合使用可能会增加多鲁特格拉韦的血浆浓度。依曲韦林显著降低了多鲁特格拉韦的血浆浓度,但通过洛匹那韦/利托那韦或达鲁那韦/利托那韦的联合用药,依曲韦林的效果得到了缓解,预计阿塔那韦/利托那韦也能缓解其效果。达鲁那韦/利托那韦、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、利匹韦林、替诺福韦、波塞普韦、特拉普韦、泼尼松、利福布汀和奥美拉唑对多鲁特格拉韦的药代动力学没有临床意义上的影响。
Dolutegravir is metabolized by UGT1A1 with some contribution from CYP3A. Dolutegravir is also a substrate of UGT1A3, UGT1A9, BCRP, and P-gp in vitro. Drugs that induce those enzymes and transporters may decrease dolutegravir plasma concentration and reduce the therapeutic effect of dolutegravir. Coadministration of dolutegravir and other drugs that inhibit these enzymes may increase dolutegravir plasma concentration. Etravirine significantly reduced plasma concentrations of dolutegravir, but the effect of etravirine was mitigated by coadministration of lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir, and is expected to be mitigated by atazanavir/ritonavir. Darunavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, rilpivirine, tenofovir, boceprevir, telaprevir, prednisone, rifabutin, and omeprazole had no clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
TIVICAY与dofetilide联合使用是禁忌的,因为这可能导致dofetilide血药浓度升高,以及严重和/或危及生命事件的风险。
Coadministration of TIVICAY with dofetilide is contraindicated due to the potential for increased dofetilide plasma concentrations and the risk for serious and/or life-threatening events
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
药物相关的肿瘤、基因毒性效应、交配或生育效应均无显著增加。[A31345]
There was no significant increases in drug-related neoplasms or in genotoxic effects or in mating or fertility effects.[A31345]
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
当50毫克的多替拉韦每日一次口服给药给HIV-1感染的成年人时,其药时曲线下面积(AUC)为53.6微克·小时/毫升,最大血药浓度(Cmax)为3.67微克/毫升,最小血药浓度(Cmin)为1.11微克/毫升。血药峰浓度在给药后2到3小时观察到。大约5天内达到稳态,AUC、Cmax和C24h的平均积累比率在1.2到1.5之间。当50毫克每日一次给药给儿科患者(12至<18岁且体重≥40公斤)时,Cmax、AUC和C24分别为3.49微克/毫升、46微克·小时/毫升和0.90微克/毫升。[A7514]
When 50 mg of dolutegravir once daily was orally administered to HIV-1 infected adults, the AUC, Cmax, and Cmin is 53.6 mcg h/mL, 3.67 mcg/mL, and 1.11 mcg/mL, respectively. The peak plasma concentration was observed 2 to 3 hours post-dose. Steady state is achieved within approximately 5 days with average accumulation ratios for AUC, Cmax, and C24h ranging from 1.2 to 1.5. When 50 mg once daily is given to pediatric patients (12 to < 18 years and weighing ≥40 kg) the Cmax, AUC, and C24 is 3.49 mcg/mL, 46 mcg.h/mL, and 0.90 mcg/mL respectively.[A7514]
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
当给予多鲁特格拉韦单次口服剂量时,几乎全部剂量的53%以原形在粪便中排出,31%在尿液中排出。肾消除回收剂量包括多鲁特格拉韦的醚葡萄糖苷酸(18.9%)、通过在苄基碳上氧化形成的代谢物(3.0%)、水解N-脱烷基化产物(3.6%)和未改变的药物(<1%)。[A31344]
When a single oral dose of dolutegravir is given, nearly all complete dose is recovered in a proportion of 53% excreted unchanged in the feces and 31% excreted in urine. The renal eliminated recovered dose consists of ether glucuronide of dolutegravir (18.9%), a metabolite formed by oxidation at the benzylic carbon (3.0%), a hydrolytic N-dealkylation product (3.6%) and unchanged drug (< 1%).[A31344]
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
给予50毫克多替拉韦的剂量,表现出明显的分布体积为17.4升。治疗2周后,脑脊液中多替拉韦的中位浓度是18纳克/毫升。[A7514]
The administration of a dose of 50 mg of dolutegravir presents an apparent volume of distribution of 17.4 L. The median dolutegravir concentration in CSF was 18 ng/mL after 2 weeks of treatment.[A7514]
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
多替拉韦的表观清除率为1.0 L/h。[FDA标签]
The apparent clearance rate of dultegravir is 1.0 L/h.[FDA label]
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
单次口服[14C]多鲁特韦后,总口服剂量的53%未改变地从粪便中排出。总口服剂量的31%从尿液中排出,其中包括多鲁特韦的醚葡萄糖苷酸(占剂量的18.9%)、通过在苄基碳上氧化形成的代谢物(占剂量的3.0%)以及其水解N-脱烷基化产物(占剂量的3.6%)。未改变药物的肾消除率较低(<1%的剂量)。
... After a single oral dose of [14C] dolutegravir, 53% of the total oral dose was excreted unchanged in feces. Thirty-one percent of the total oral dose was excreted in urine, represented by an ether glucuronide of dolutegravir (18.9% of total dose), a metabolite formed by oxidation at the benzylic carbon (3.0% of total dose), and its hydrolytic N-dealkylation product (3.6% of total dose). Renal elimination of unchanged drug was low (<1% of the dose).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险性防范说明:
    P261,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H302,H315,H319,H335
  • 储存条件:
    存于室温、干燥且密封的环境中。

SDS

SDS:22eca0620d04c08475599baae6b1d5fe
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制备方法与用途

概述

度鲁特韦游离酸(Dolutegravir,DTG),商品名:TIVICAY)于2013年获美国FDA批准。这是一种有效的两个金属结合的HIV整合酶抑制剂,在无细胞试验中的IC50值为2.7 nM,并且对耐Raltegravir的显著突变体Y143R、Q148K、N155H和G140S/Q148H具有适度活性。

合成方法

在25°C下,氮气保护条件下将溴化锂(10.60 g, 122.06 mmol)加入到度鲁特韦前体化合物酰胺(23.0 g)的乙腈(460 mL,20体积)溶液中。将反应混合物加热至85°C,并在该温度下反应约3小时。通过TLC点板监测反应进度后,冷却反应体系至室温,加入0.5 N盐酸(460 ml),搅拌反应3小时。过滤固体产物,并用乙腈和水的1:1混合溶液(100 mL)洗涤30分钟。将湿固体溶解在230 mL乙腈中,在20-25°C下缓慢加入230 mL水,搅拌2小时后过滤并用乙腈洗涤滤饼。所得固体在40-45℃下真空干燥6小时即得目标产物。

![](图 度鲁特韦的合成路线)

生物活性

Dolutegravir (GSK1349572, S/GSK1349572) 有效抑制了来自整合酶抑制剂-天然HIV-2感染患者的九种临床分离株,EC50范围为0.2 nM -1.4 nM。此外,在体外它还抑制了重组HIV-1整合酶催化的链转移,IC50值为2.7 nM,并有效阻断了细胞内HIV复制。

靶点
Target Value
HIV integrase (Cell-free assay) 2.7 nM
体外研究

S/GSK1349572对九种临床分离株表现出有效抑制作用,EC50范围为0.2 nM -1.4 nM。它还能够抑制重组HIV-1整合酶催化的链转移(IC50值为2.7 nM),并能阻断细胞内HIV复制,如对感染自身灭活的PHIV慢病毒载体的外周血单核细胞、MT-4 细胞和CIP4细胞,EC50分别为0.51 nM、0.71 nM 和2.2 nM。此外,S/GSK1349572还有效抑制了五种不同的非核苷逆转录抑制剂抗性病毒或核苷逆转录抑制剂抗性病毒的活性(EC50范围为1.3 nM -2.1 nM),与对野生型病毒的效果类似。

Dolutegravir (GSK1349572)是一种HIV整合酶抑制剂,IC50值为2.7 nM,并适度有效作用于抗Raltegravir的显著突变体Y143R、Q148K、N155H和G140S/Q148H。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    度鲁特韦 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下, 以 乙醇 为溶剂, 反应 3.0h, 生成 dolutegravir sodium
    参考文献:
    名称:
    实用且可扩展的合成方法制备多洛格韦钠:大规模合成路线的改进
    摘要:
    从容易获得的原料麦芽酚(2)开始,建立了一种实用且可扩展的合成方法以获得dolutegravir钠(1)。该合成方法包括麦芽酚和钯催化的酰胺化的可扩展氧化过程,用于引入酰胺部分,从而导致在短合成步骤中的实际制造方法。本文所述的合成方法使得能够进行多千克规模的高纯度1的制造。
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00409
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    diethyl(ethoxymethylene)oxalacetate吡啶 、 magnesium bromide ethyl etherate 、 N,N'-羰基二咪唑 、 sodium hydroxide 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 121.0h, 生成 度鲁特韦
    参考文献:
    名称:
    人类免疫缺陷病毒整合酶抑制剂多替拉韦钠的六步革兰氏规模合成
    摘要:
    开发了一种用于制备活性药物成分多替拉韦钠的简短实用的合成方法。收敛策略从 ( R )-3-氨基-1-丁醇开始,并在四个步骤中以 76% 的分离产率建立了 BC 环系统。通过一锅1,4-加成到二乙基-( 2E / Z )-2-(乙氧基亚甲基)-3-氧代丁二酸和随后的MgBr 2 ·OEt 2介导的区域选择性环化来构建环A。与 2,4-二氟苄胺形成酰胺是通过游离羧酸或通过相应乙酯的氨解进行的。最终的盐形成通过六个线性步骤以 48-51% 的分离产率(HPLC 纯度为 99.7-99.9%)提供了多替拉韦钠。
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00139
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文献信息

  • [EN] PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR CARBAMOYLPYRIDONE HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉS ET INTERMÉDIAIRES POUR INHIBITEURS DE LA CARBOMOYLPYRIDONE INTÉGRASE DU HIV
    申请人:GLAXOSMITHKLINE LLC
    公开号:WO2010068262A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-06-17
    Processes are provided which create an aldehyde methylene, or hydrated or hemiacetal methylene attached to a heteroatom of a 6 membered ring without going through an olefinic group and without the necessity of using an osmium reagent. In particular, a comopound of formula (I) can be produced from (II) and avoid the use of an allyl amine: (formulae I and II) where R, P 1 P3, R3 and Rx are as described herein.
    提供了一种方法,可以在不经过烯丙基团的情况下,将醛亚甲基、水合物亚甲基或半缩醛亚甲基连接到6元环的杂原子上,并且无需使用钌试剂。特别地,可以从(II)制备出式(I)的化合物,避免使用烯丙胺:(式I和II),其中R、P1、P3、R3和Rx如本文所述。
  • [EN] PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DOLUTE-GRAVIR AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION DE DOLUTÉGRAVIR ET SES INTERMÉDIAIRES
    申请人:MYLAN LAB LTD
    公开号:WO2015019310A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-02-12
    The present disclosure relates to processes for the preparation of dolutegravir or of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The present disclosure also provides intermediates useful in the synthesis of dolutegravir.
    本公开涉及制备度特伟或其药用可接受盐的过程。本公开还提供在度特伟合成中有用的中间体。
  • 一种改进的度鲁特韦制备工艺
    申请人:遵义医学院
    公开号:CN109293675A
    公开(公告)日:2019-02-01
    本发明提供了抗艾滋病药物度鲁特韦的改进的制备工艺,以及用于度鲁特韦原料药工艺控制研究的非对映异构合成中间体6'及其制备方法。本发明的制备工艺采用的路线简单,简化了对于中间体的纯化处理,此外本发明获得的非对映异构合成中间体6'有助于用于度鲁特韦原料药制备工艺的质量研究。
  • 7-Step Flow Synthesis of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir
    作者:Robert E. Ziegler、Bimbisar K. Desai、Jo-Ann Jee、B. Frank Gupton、Thomas D. Roper、Timothy F. Jamison
    DOI:10.1002/anie.201802256
    日期:2018.6.11
    Dolutegravir (DTG), an important active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV, has been synthesized in continuous flow. By adapting the reported GlaxoSmithKline process chemistry batch route for Cabotegravir, DTG was produced in 4.5 h in sequential flow operations from commercially available materials. Key features of the synthesis include rapid manufacturing
    Dolutegravir(DTG)是一种用于治疗HIV的联合疗法中的重要活性药物成分(API),已连续不断地合成。通过将报道的GlaxoSmithKline工艺化学批处理路线改编为Cabotegravir,DTG在4.5小时内由市售材料按顺序流操作生产。合成的关键特征包括快速形成吡啶酮的生产时间,一步一步直接官能化吡啶酮的酰胺化以及对多个步骤的伸缩,从而避免了中间体的分离并提高了通量。
  • [EN] CONTINUES FLOW PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS - POLYCYCLIC CARBAMOYL PYRIDONE DERIVATIVES AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ À FLUX CONTINU POUR LA PRÉPARATION DE DÉRIVÉS DE CARBAMOYLPYRIDONE POLYCYCLIQUES À INGRÉDIENTS PHARMACEUTIQUEMENT ACTIFS ET INTERMÉDIAIRES DE CEUX-CI
    申请人:CIPLA LTD
    公开号:WO2019159199A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-08-22
    The present invention discloses continues flow process for the preparation of polycyclic carbamoyl pyridone derivatives and intermediates thereof. In particular, the present invention discloses a process for the preparation of intermediate. Formule (V).
    本发明公开了用于制备多环氨基吡啶酮衍生物及其中间体的连续流程。具体地,本发明公开了一种制备中间体的方法。公式(V)。
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