N-Trinitroethylamino functionalization of nitroimidazoles: a new strategy for high performance energetic materials
作者:Ping Yin、Qinghua Zhang、Jiaheng Zhang、Damon A. Parrish、Jean'ne M. Shreeve
DOI:10.1039/c3ta11356f
日期:——
An N-functionalized strategy, including N-amination and N-trinitroethylamination, was utilized for the synthesis of nitroimidazole-based energetic materials, giving rise to a new family of highly insensitive N-aminonitroimidazoles and oxygen-rich N-trinitroethylaminonitroimidazoles with good to excellent properties. These new energetic materials were fully characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and some high performance compounds were further confirmed by 15N NMR (4a, 4d, 6a, 6b, and 6d), as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (6a and 6b). N-Functionalization of nitroimidazoles not only gives rise to the N-aminonitroimidazoles as impact insensitive and thermally stable materials (IS > 40 J; Td: 144–308 °C), but also provides a series of N-trinitroethylaminoimidazoles, which have favorable densities (1.75–1.84 g cm−3), good detonation properties (P: 27.6–35.9 GPa; vD: 7815–8659 m s−1), and moderate thermal stabilities (136–172 °C). These properties are better than some known energetic compounds, such as TNT (P: 19.5 GPa; vD: 6881 m s−1) and TATB (P: 31.2 GPa; vD: 8114 m s−1), and are comparable to RDX (P: 35.0 GPa; vD: 8762 m s−1).
利用 N-官能化策略(包括 N-氨基化和 N-三硝基乙基化)合成了硝基咪唑类高能材料,产生了一系列新的高不敏感性 N-氨基硝基咪唑和富氧 N-三硝基乙基氨基硝基咪唑,具有良好甚至优异的性能。这些新型高能材料通过红外光谱、1H 和 13C NMR 以及元素分析进行了全面表征,其中一些高性能化合物还通过 15N NMR(4a、4d、6a、6b 和 6d)以及单晶 X 射线衍射(6a 和 6b)得到了进一步证实。硝基咪唑的 N-官能化不仅使 N-氨基硝基咪唑成为对冲击不敏感的热稳定性材料(IS > 40 J;Td:144-308 ℃),而且还提供了一系列 N-三硝基乙基氨基咪唑,它们具有良好的密度(1.75-1.84 g cm-3)、良好的引爆性能(P:27.6-35.9 GPa;vD:7815-8659 m s-1)和适中的热稳定性(136-172 ℃)。这些特性优于一些已知的高能化合物,如 TNT(P:19.5 GPa;vD:6881 m s-1)和 TATB(P:31.2 GPa;vD:8114 m s-1),并与 RDX(P:35.0 GPa;vD:8762 m s-1)相当。