Miconazole is metabolized in the liver and does not give rise to any active metabolites.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
毒性总结
Miconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.
硝酸咪康唑与14-α去甲基酶相互作用,这是一种细胞色素P-450酶,对于将羊毛甾醇转化为麦角甾醇是必需的。由于麦角甾醇是真菌细胞膜的重要组成部分,因此抑制其合成会导致细胞渗透性增加,从而引起细胞内容物的泄漏。硝酸咪康唑还可能抑制内源呼吸,与膜磷脂相互作用,抑制酵母菌向菌丝形态的转变,抑制嘌呤摄取,以及损害三酰甘油和/或磷脂的生物合成。
Miconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Because miconazole has poor absorption from the skin and vagina and has poor oral bioavailability, it is unlikely to adversely affect the breastfed infant, including after topical application to the nipples. However, miconazole ointment appears to have no advantage over lanolin for treating sore nipples during breastfeeding and a survey of members of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine found topical miconazole is rarely prescribed to nursing mothers to treat thrush. Any excess cream or ointment should be removed from the nipples before nursing. Only water-miscible cream or gel products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:In a randomized, double-bind trial, lanolin was compared to an all-purpose nipple ointment containing mupirocin 1%, betamethasone 0.05%, and miconazole 2% for painful nipples while nursing in the first 2 weeks postpartum. The two treatments were equally effective in reducing nipple pain, nipple healing time, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding exclusivity rate, mastitis and nipple symptoms, side effects or maternal satisfaction with treatment.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
暴露途径
主题性的
Topical
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
症状
膏管内含成分的摄入量不太可能产生过量使用和毒性效应。
Ingestion of the amounts of the components contained in a tube of cream are unlikely to produce overdosage and toxic effects.
Miconazole given to healthy volunteers as a single 50 mg oral tablet produced a mean Cmax of 15.1 ± 16.2 mcg/mL, a mean AUC0-24 of 55.2 ± 35.1 mcg\*h/mL, and a median Tmax of 7 hours (range 2.0-24.1). In these patients measurable plasma concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 0.83 mcg/mL. Topical miconazole is absorbed poorly into the systemic circulation. In pediatric patients aged 1-21 months given multiple topical applications of miconazole ointment for seven days, the plasma miconazole concentration was less than 0.5 ng/mL in 88% of the patients, with the remaining patients having a concentration of 0.57 and 0.58 ng/mL, respectively. Similarly, patients. administered with a vaginal 1200 mg ovule had a mean Cmax of 10.71 ng/mL, mean Tmax of 18.4 hours, and mean AUC0-96 of 477.3 ng\*h/mL.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
米康唑通过尿液和粪便排出;尿液中回收的未经改变的米康唑少于1%。
Miconazole is excreted through both urine and feces; less than 1% of unchanged miconazole is recovered in urine.
A 1200 mg miconazole vaginal suppository resulted in a calculated apparent volume of distribution of 95 546 L while a 100 mg vaginal cream yielded an apparent volume of distribution of 10 911L.
11-Hydroxylation of Protoberberine by the Novel Berberine-Utilizing Aerobic Bacterium Sphingobium sp. Strain BD3100
摘要:
Protoberberine alkaloids, including berberine, palmatine, and berberrubine, are produced by medicinal plants and are known to have various pharmacological effects. We isolated two berberine-utilizing bacteria, Sphingobium sp. strain BD3100 and Rhodococcus sp. strain BD7100, from soil collected at a natural medicine factory. BD3100 had the unique ability to utilize berberine or palmatine as the sole carbon and energy source. BD3100 produced demethyleneberberine in berberine-supplemented medium. In a resting-cell incubation with berberine, BD3100 produced 11-hydroxyberberine; the structure of 11-hydroxyberberine was determined by detailed analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. alpha-Naphthoflavone, miconazole, and ketoconazole, which are known inhibitors of cytochrome P450, interfered with BD3100 metabolism of berberine in resting cells. Inhibition by miconazole led to the production of a new compound, 11-hydroxydemethyleneberberine. In a resting-cell incubation with palmatine, BD3100 generated 11-hydroxypalmatine. This work represents the first report of the isolation and characterization of novel berberine-utilizing aerobic bacteria for the production of 11-hydroxylation derivatives of berberine and palmatine.
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号:WO2017075056A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
PYRIMIDINYL AND 1,3,5-TRIAZINYL BENZIMIDAZOLES AND THEIR USE IN CANCER THERAPY
申请人:Rewcastle Gordon William
公开号:US20110009405A1
公开(公告)日:2011-01-13
Provided herein are pyrimidinyl and 1,3,5-triazinyl benzimidazoles of Formula I, and their pharmaceutical compositions, preparation, and use as agents or drugs for cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.
[EN] PYRROLOTRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES AS PI3K INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE PYRROLOTRIAZINONE EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DES PI3K
申请人:ALMIRALL SA
公开号:WO2014060432A1
公开(公告)日:2014-04-24
New pyrrolotriazinone derivatives having the chemical structure of formula (I), are disclosed; as well as process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use in therapy as inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases (PI3Ks)
[EN] NICOTINAMIDE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS PDE4 INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE NICOTINAMIDE UTILES EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE PDE4
申请人:PFIZER LTD
公开号:WO2005009965A1
公开(公告)日:2005-02-03
This invention relates to nicotinamide derivative of general formula (I), in which R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings defined herein, and to compositions containing and the uses of such derivatives as PDE4 inhibitors.