Allyl chloride appears as a clear colorless liquid with an unpleasant pungent odor. Flash point -20°F. Boiling point 113°F. Less dense than water (7.8 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapor irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Vapors are heavier than air. Long exposure to low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations may have adverse health effects from inhalation or skin absorption.
颜色/状态:
RED LIQUID
气味:
Pungent, unpleasant odor.
蒸汽密度:
2.64 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力:
368 mm Hg at 25 °C
大气OH速率常数:
1.70e-11 cm3/molecule*sec
自燃温度:
Ignition temp, 737 °F (392 °C)
腐蚀性:
Allyl chloride will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
汽化热:
29.04 KJ/mol
表面张力:
0.0289 N/m at 15 °C
电离电位:
10.05 eV
聚合:
At elevated temp as in fire conditions, polymerization may take place with possible container rupture. Acid catalysts, such as lewis type and ziegler type catalysts, sulfuric acid, ferric chloride, and aluminum chloride, may cause violent polymerization.
气味阈值:
Recognition of allyl chloride in air was at 4.70x10-1 ppm.
折光率:
Index of refraction: 1.4157 at 20 °C/D
相对蒸发率:
50% of the compound evaporated after 27 min in water at 25 °C at 1 ppm.
Allyl chloride ... dosed sc to male rats ... /was/ metabolized to allylmercapturic acid, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylcysteine S-oxide. 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid was /also/ a metabolite of allyl chloride ... .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
给大鼠喂食氯化烯丙基后,在其胆汁中检出了烯丙基谷胱甘肽和S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸。
Allyl glutathione and S-allyl-L-Cysteine have been detected in the bile of a rat given allyl chloride.
Allyl chloride is presumed to be metabolized to allyl alcohol, which could then be further metabolized via two pathways to form either acrolein or glycidol, from which a variety of metabolites could result. Metabolites identified in rat urine are 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid and allyl mercapturic acid and its sulfoxide. Allyl glutathione and S-allyl-L-cysteine have been detected in the bile of dosed rats. In-vitro metabolism of allyl chloride results in haem destruction in microsomal cytochrome P450.
...The biotransformation of allyl chloride (AC) in rats to select potential urinary biomarkers of exposure /was investigated/. ...The earlier described urinary metabolites of AC [allyl mercapturic acid (ALMA) and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (HPMA)], as well as two urinary metabolites of ECH [alpha-chlorohydrin (alpha-CH) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (CHPMA)], were determined in this study. After ip administration of AC, in doses ranging from 66 to 590 umol/kg, control rats excreted 30 +/- 6.5% of the AC dose as ALMA. HPMA was a minor urinary metabolite of AC (<3% of the AC dose), and, for this metabolite, no clear dose-excretion relationship was found. Two other minor urinary metabolites were also found as well, namely CHPMA and alpha-CH, suggesting the formation of ECH. CHPMA excretion was linear from 66 to 330 umol/kg AC and amounted to 0.21 +/- 0.08% of the AC dose. alpha-CH excretion was linear in the dose range used and was excreted for 0.13 +/- 0.02% of the AC dose. In addition, we investigated the influence of three different enzyme inducers on the urinary metabolite profile of AC, namely pyrazole, beta-naphthoflavone, and phenobarbital. Pyrazole only increased the urinary excretion of alpha-CH. beta-Naphthoflavone induction only enhanced the ALMA excretion significantly. Phenobarbital inducted both the excretion of CHPMA and alpha-CH.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
分类:C;可能的人类致癌物。分类依据:基于雌性小鼠前胃肿瘤的低发生率(但在生物学上具有重要意义)以及多种遗传毒性测试的阳性结果。烯丙基氯是一种烷基化剂,与可能的 human carcinogens 结构上相关。人类致癌性数据:无。动物致癌性数据:有限。
CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Classification is based on a low (but biologically important) incidence of forestomach tumors in female mice and positive results in a variety of genetic toxicity tests. Allyl chloride is an alkylating agent and structurally related to probable human carcinogens. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of allyl chloride. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of allyl chloride. Overall evaluation: Allyl chloride is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3; 已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:氯化烯丙基
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Allyl chloride
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Comparative Effects of Conjugated and Deconjugated Isomeric Enones on the Transannular Diels−Alder Reaction
摘要:
[GRAPHICS]Two isomeric cyclic trienones 2 and 3 (with four methyl esters at positions 3 and 10) underwent transannular Diels-Alder (TADA) reaction at very different temperatures. This drastic difference could be traced to the capacity of the enone dienophile to be conjugated or unconjugated at the transition state. Molecular modeling could confirm this explanation. The calculated enone proved to be very distorted in transition state ts2, and the TADA reaction temperature was accordingly much higher than the one corresponding to ts3 in which the enone was flat.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Between In Situ Prepared Arylzinc Halides and 2-Chloropyrimidine or 2-Chloropyrazine
摘要:
A cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides with 2-chloropyrimidines or 2-chloropyrazines is reported in satisfactory to high yields. The key step of this procedure is the formation of aromatic organozinc reagents and their coupling with 2-chlorodiazines using the same cobalt halide as catalyst and Zn dust under mild reaction conditions. This new cobalt-catalyzed coupling reaction represents a practical and interesting alternative to previously known methods for the synthesis of 2-aryldiazines.
作者:Yanqiang Zhang、Haixiang Gao、Yong Guo、Young-Hyuk Joo、Jean'ne M. Shreeve
DOI:10.1002/chem.200902725
日期:2010.3.8
N,N‐Dimethylhydrazinium dicyanamide and nitrocyanamide ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared by quaterization of N,N‐dimethylhydrazine with alkyl halides followed by metathesis reactions with silver dicyanamide or silver nitrocyanamide. The key physicochemical properties, such as melting point and decomposition temperatures, density, viscosity, heat of formation, detonation pressure and velocity, and specific
Use of Diethoxymethane as a Solvent for Phase Transfer-Catalyzed<i>O</i>-Alkylation of Phenols
作者:M. Todd Coleman、Gabriel LeBlanc
DOI:10.1021/op900324p
日期:2010.5.21
The effectiveness of diethoxymethane (DEM) as a solvent for O-alkylation of a variety of phenols under phase transfer conditions has been examined and evaluated. The reaction between 4-methoxy phenol and benzyl chloride was selected to compare reaction rates in various solvents and the efficiency of various PTCs. This reaction was further studied to develop a commercially amenable process complete
A simple and direct method for converting thioamides into thioesters
作者:David C Harrowven、Matthew C Lucas、Peter D Howes
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01096-5
日期:1999.1
Thioamides may be transformed into thioesters through the simple expedient of warming them in an aqueous THF solution containing an alkylating agent. Reactions proceed in high yield and are amenable to multi-gram scale.
TAU-PROTEIN TARGETING PROTACS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE
申请人:Arvinas, Inc.
公开号:US20180125821A1
公开(公告)日:2018-05-10
The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility as modulators of tau protein. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to bifunctional compounds, which contain on one end a VHL or cereblon ligand which binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds tau protein, such that tau protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of tau. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with degradation/inhibition of tau protein. Diseases or disorders that result from aggregation or accumulation of tau protein are treated or prevented with compounds and compositions of the present disclosure.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation and One-Pot Twofold Unsymmetrical C−H Functionalization of Arenes
作者:Koushik Ghosh、Raja K. Rit、E. Ramesh、Akhila K. Sahoo
DOI:10.1002/anie.201600649
日期:2016.6.27
excellent yields. A one‐pot, unsymmetrical, twofold C−H functionalization involving intramolecular C−C and intermolecular C−C/C−N bond formations is successfully demonstrated by using a single set of catalytic reaction conditions, which is unprecedented thus far. A novel isoquinolone‐bearing dihydrobenzofuran is constructed through an unsymmetrical twofold C−H functionalization.