<dt>净化过程</dt>
<dd>高纯度<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36390 target="_blank">氯</a>气可通过干燥、吸附和冷凝等步骤获得。</dd>
<dt>仪器设备</dt>
<dd>包括D2SO4储器、连接管、盛有NaCl的瓶、DCl接受器及其他辅助设备。</dd>
</dl>
<b class="ip_info4_code">应用领域</b>
<dl class="ip_deslist">
<dt>高新技术领域</dt>
<dd>主要用于大规模集成电路、光纤和高温超导等领域。</dd>
<dt><a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_34644 target="_blank">水</a>处理与环保</dt>
<dd><a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36390 target="_blank">氯</a>作为强氧化剂,能不同程度地氧化冷却<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_34644 target="_blank">水</a>中的有机物,并可能生成有毒的<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36390 target="_blank">氯</a>代烃。需配合使用非氧化型杀菌剂和黏泥剥离剂。</dd>
<dt>工业应用</dt>
<dd>1. 纺织品和纸浆漂白。
2. 冶<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_5552 target="_blank">金</a>工业中用于生产<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_5552 target="_blank">金</a>属<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_49916 target="_blank">钛</a>、<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_4022 target="_blank">镁</a>等。
3. <a href=https://www.molaid.com/fenzi/4464 target="_blank">化学</a>工业中用于制造<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_17977305 target="_blank">次氯酸钠</a>、<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_80184 target="_blank">三氯化铝</a>等<a href=https://www.molaid.com/fenzi/4155 target="_blank">无机化工</a>产品及有机<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36390 target="_blank">氯</a>化物,如<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36091 target="_blank">氯乙酸</a>、<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_29992 target="_blank">环氧氯丙烷</a>等。
4. 塑料和<a href=https://www.molaid.com/fenzi/4873 target="_blank">增塑剂</a>的生产。
5. 合成洗涤剂原料如烷基<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_19374 target="_blank">磺酸钠</a>和烷基<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_10857 target="_blank">苯磺酸钠</a>。
6. 农药工业中用作高效<a href=https://www.molaid.com/fenzi/4258 target="_blank">杀虫剂</a>、杀菌剂及<a href=https://www.molaid.com/fenzi/4260 target="_blank">除草剂</a>的原料。
7. 自来<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_34644 target="_blank">水</a>消毒与净化。
<dt>半导体行业</dt>
<dd>作为气体蚀刻剂,尤其可与<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_80200 target="_blank">三氯化硼</a>混合用于铝的蚀刻。也可应用于晶体生长和热氧化等工艺。</dd>
<dt>其他应用</dt>
<dd>如生产聚<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36132 target="_blank">氯乙烯</a>及制造各种含<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_36390 target="_blank">氯</a>化合物、<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_23678 target="_blank">盐酸</a>等。</dd>
</dl>
注:原文中提到的制备过程较为复杂且涉及专业设备,简化整理以易于理解。具体操作时请参照标准实验方法与安全规范。
Depression is one of the most prevalent disorders in the general population, causing personal and social disability and impairment. Major studies assessing the diagnosis and management of depression have shown that it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. A pan-European study aimed at assessing the extent and consequences of depression in six different countries is reported in this article. Different types of depressive profiles are analyzed and their respective management has been compared. The importance of improving diagnosis and treatment of depression is underlined. Appropriate management of depression depends on the recognition of depressive symptoms by patients, their possibility of seeking care, and the ability of the primary care physician to recognize the disorder and prescribe the appropriate medicines. Improvement in all of these fields is necessary.
Previously collected data have indicated that the laryngeal chemoreflex (lcr) response is exaggerated during a critical period of postnatal development in several experimental animals. These animals had fewer anatomic and physiological similarities to humans than do puppies. This investigation of the lcr in 14 anesthetized puppies was undertaken to determine age-related differences in the response to stimulation of the supraglottic laryngeal mucosa by saline solution, distilled water, cow's milk, and acid at pH 1.0. The dogs were divided into 3 age groups: group 1 consisted of 4 dogs that were 2 weeks old, and in groups 2 and 3 there were 5 puppies each, of 4 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. The lcr response (laryngospasm, apnea, respiratory depression, and bradycardia) was found in the puppies only after stimulation of the laryngeal mucosa with acid at pH 1.0, and it was more easily achieved in the 4- and 6-week age groups than in the 2-week group. These findings suggest that the lcr is an age-dependent response that appears in dogs only after 2 weeks of age. The important implication of this finding is that postnatal neural maturation may influence the laryngeal reflex in humans to some extent.