代谢
无靶向代谢组学对实验动物和接触化学物质的人体体液的检测,可以揭示毒性早期的迹象并指出毒性途径。鸟胚胎与母体分离发育,这为研究化学物质在胚胎发育过程中的影响提供了独特的可能性,同时最小化了来自母体的混淆因素。在本研究中,我们探索了鸡胚胎的血液血浆和尿囊液作为揭示胚胎发育过程中化学物质暴露引起的代谢变化的基质。胚胎在第7天通过卵注射暴露于环境污染物全氟辛酸(PFOA),并在第12天比较了其对代谢轮廓的影响与GW7647和罗格列酮引起的影响,这两种物质分别是过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体alpha(PPARalpha)和PPARgamma的选择性激动剂。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对尿囊液中的代谢物浓度进行分析,结果显示,暴露于GW7647、罗格列酮和车辆对照的胚胎之间有明显的分离。在血液血浆中,只有GW7647对代谢轮廓产生了显著影响。PFOA在最高剂量下引起了胚胎死亡并增加了相对肝重。PFOA的亚致死剂量在任一基质中并未显著影响代谢轮廓,尽管某些单一代谢物似乎有所改变。PFOA在小鼠新生儿中的死亡已被建议通过激活PPARalpha介导。然而,我们发现鸡胚胎暴露于PFOA的代谢物轮廓与暴露于PPAR激动剂的胚胎并不相似。这表明PFOA在我们的模型中,在远高于野生鸟类发现的卵和胚胎浓度下,并未激活PPAR途径。目前的研究表明,鸡胚胎的尿囊液和血浆是有用的且互补的基质,用于探索化学物质在胚胎发育过程中暴露对代谢轮廓的影响。
Untargeted metabolic profiling of body fluids in experimental animals and humans exposed to chemicals may reveal early signs of toxicity and indicate toxicity pathways. Avian embryos develop separately from their mothers, which gives unique possibilities to study effects of chemicals during embryo development with minimal confounding factors from the mother. In this study we explored blood plasma and allantoic fluid from chicken embryos as matrices for revealing metabolic changes caused by exposure to chemicals during embryonic development. Embryos were exposed via egg injection on day 7 to the environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and effects on the metabolic profile on day 12 were compared with those caused by GW7647 and rosiglitazone, which are selective agonists to peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma, respectively. Analysis of the metabolite concentrations from allantoic fluid by Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) showed clear separation between the embryos exposed to GW7647, rosiglitazone, and vehicle control, respectively. In blood plasma only GW7647 caused a significant effect on the metabolic profile. PFOA induced embryo mortality and increased relative liver weight at the highest dose. Sublethal doses of PFOA did not significantly affect the metabolic profile in either matrix, although single metabolites appeared to be altered. Neonatal mortality by PFOA in the mouse has been suggested to be mediated via activation of PPARalpha. However, we found no similarity in the metabolite profile of chicken embryos exposed to PFOA with those of embryos exposed to PPAR agonists. This indicates that PFOA does not activate PPAR pathways in our model at concentrations in eggs and embryos well above those found in wild birds. The present study suggests that allantoic fluid and plasma from chicken embryos are useful and complementary matrices for exploring effects on the metabolic profile resulting from chemical exposure during embryonic development.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)