1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant consisting of a mixture of diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers that is a known omnipresent, environmental contaminant. The present study investigated the possibility of bioisomerization of HBCD stereoisomers. Therefore, mirror carps (Cyprinus carpio morpha noblis) were exposed to pure (+)- and (-)-gamma-HBCD, randomly sampled biweekly over a period of three and a half months and the fillets were subjected to enantiomer-specific determination of HBCD. Considering the background contamination of the fish at the beginning of the feeding period, significant enrichment of the respectively fed gamma-enantiomer was already detectable after two weeks of exposure. However, no significant enrichment of the respectively expected alpha-enantiomer was observed within this period. Thus, no evidence for the isomerization of HBCD stereoisomers was found in mirror carp under the applied conditions.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: HBCD technical grade consists of a mixture of isomers, predominantly the alpha-, beta, and gamma-enantiomeric pairs. The main use for HBCD is as an additive-type flame retardant for extruded and expanded polystyrene foam. Other applications include crystal and high-impact polystyrene, SAN (Styrene-AcryloNitrile) resins, adhesives, and coatings. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Human data not found. ANIMAL STUDIES: The chemical was not an eye irritant in rabbits, ant it minimally irritating to the skin of rabbits. In acute oral toxicity study in rats the following non-lethal toxicity signs were observed during the 14-day observation time. Females: diarrhea in 1 of 5, hypoactivity in 1 of 5. Males: hypoactivity in 3 of 5, corneal opacity in 3 of 5 and ptosis in 3 of 5. None of the animals died. In inhalation study 90 minutes after initiation of exposure to the end of the 4 hours exposure period the rats exhibited slight dyspnea. In developmental study in rats HBCD exerted a weak hypothyroidism evident with increases in thyroid weight, thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone as well as decreases of serum T(3) concentrations in offspring at 10,000 ppm at weaning. Increased thyroid weights and decreased serum T(3) concentrations were also observed in the adult stage from 1000 ppm. With regard to the effect on brain development, HBCD reduced density of CNPase-positive oligodendrocytes at 10,000 ppm, suggesting an impaired oligodendroglial development. Low-dose HBCD can potentially disrupt thyroid hormone-mediated transactivation and impairs Purkinje cell dendritogenesis, suggesting that HBCD can interfere with thyyroid hormone action in target organs, including the developing brain.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
毒性数据
大鼠LC50 > 202毫克/升/4小时
LC50 (rat) > 202 mg/L/4h
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays an essential role in growth and differentiation of the central nervous system. Deficiency of TH during perinatal period results in abnormal brain development known as cretinism in human. We recently reported that an environmental chemical 1,2,5,6,9,10-a-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) suppressed TH receptor (TR)-mediated transcription. To examine the effect of HBCD on cerebellar granule cells, we used purified rat cerebellar granule cells in reaggregate culture. Low dose HBCD (10(-10)M) significantly suppressed TH-induced neurite extension of granule cell aggregate. To clarify further the mechanisms of such suppression, we added brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into culture medium, since BDNF plays a critical role in promoting granule cell development and is regulated by TH. BDNF completely rescued HBCD-induced suppression of granule cell neurite extension in the presence of T3. These results indicate that HBCD may disrupt TH-mediated brain development at least in part due to a disruption of the T3 stimulated increase in BDNF and BDNF may possess ability to ameliorate the effect of HBCD in granule cells.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a high production volume cycloaliphatic used as an additive flame retardant primarily in polystyrene foam building materials. HBCD mixtures contain three major stereoisomers, alpha (a), beta (b), and gamma (g), at a typical ratio of 1.2:0.6:8.2. The toxicokinetic properties of the a and g isomers differ. For instance, a-HBCD has greater bioavailability and potential for accumulation in mice than g-HBCD. The present study reports comparative kinetics data for b-HBCD needed to support toxicological evaluations of HBCD mixtures. Results indicated that a single oral dose of 3mg/kg of [(14)C]-labeled b-HBCD was absorbed rapidly (> or = 85% total dose) in the female C57BL/6 mouse. The C max for b-HBCD-derived radioactivity in tissues, except adipose, was observed 3hr following gavage. Approximately 90% of the administered dose was excreted in urine and feces within 24hr, primarily as b-HBCD-derived metabolites. A portion of the dose (circa 9%) was excreted in feces as g-HBCD. Oral administration of 30 or 100mg/kg of b-HBCD resulted initially in slower rates of [(14)C] elimination; however, cumulative excretion data were similar across the dosing range 4 days postdosing. Residual concentrations of [(14)C] in tissues were highest in adipose and liver. b-HBCD-derived radioactivity accumulated in most tissues following four consecutive daily oral doses of 3mg/kg. The extent of metabolism and excretion of b-HBCD in female C57BL/6 mice was similar to that for g-HBCD. The potential for accumulation of b-HBCD-derived material in most tissues appeared to be less than for a-HBCD.
卤化有机污染物（HOP）由于其高毒性、持久性和生物累积性，正在造成严重的环境和人类健康危机。需要采取紧急行动来制定减少和再利用 HOP 的有效方法。虽然目前的策略主要集中在 HOP 的降解上，但重新利用它们是一种替代方法，尽管这是一项具有挑战性的任务。在这里，我们发现烷基溴可以作为使用烷基氯作为氯源的氯转移的催化剂。我们证明这种方法具有广泛的底物范围，并成功地将其应用于重复使用 HOP，包括二氯二苯基三氯乙烷、六溴环十二烷、氯化石蜡、氯甲基聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯 (PVC)。此外，我们还表明，使用PVC和六溴环十二烷可以合成必需的非甾体抗炎药，并且我们证明PVC废料可以直接用作氯化剂。总体而言，这种方法为重新利用 HOP 提供了一种有前景的策略。
The present invention is in the field of flame retardants and relates to use of sulfenamides as flame retardants, in particular in polymeric substrates.
本发明属于阻燃剂领域，涉及将硫代酰胺用作阻燃剂，特别是在聚合物基材中的使用。
NOVOLAC RESIN AND RESIST FILM
申请人：DIC Corporation
公开号：US20180334523A1
公开（公告）日：2018-11-22
Provided are a novolac resin having developability, heat resistance, and dry etching resistance, and a photosensitive composition, a curable composition, and a resist film. A novolac resin including, as a repeating unit, a structural moiety represented by Structural Formula (1) or (2):
(in the formula, Ar represents an arylene group, R
1
's each independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a halogen atom, m's each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3, and X is any one of a hydrogen atom, a tertiary alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a hetero atom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group, and a trialkylsilyl group) in which at least one of X's present in the resin is any one of a tertiary alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a hetero atom-containing cyclic hydrocarbon group, and a trialkylsilyl group.
BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
申请人：SENOMYX, INC.
公开号：US20160376263A1
公开（公告）日：2016-12-29
The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.
ASYMMETRIC ORGANIC PEROXIDE, CROSSLINKING AGENT COMPRISING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF CROSSLINKING WITH THE SAME
申请人：NOF CORPORATION
公开号：EP1233014A1
公开（公告）日：2002-08-21
A crosslinking agent comprising an asymmetry organic peroxide having at least one structure unit of (substituted)benzoylcarbonyloxy group represented by the following formula (1) in the molecule thereof.
Environmentally friendly crosslinking agents and crosslinked silicone rubber moldings are provided thereby.
Specifically, useful crosslinking agents and crosslinking processes for silicone rubber are provided.
USE OF PHOSPHOROUS-CONTAINING ORGANIC OXYIMIDES AS FLAME RETARDANTS AND/OR AS STABILIZERS FOR PLASTICS, FLAME-RETARDANT AND/OR STABILIZED PLASTIC COMPOSITIONS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, MOULDED PART, PAINT AND COATINGS
申请人：FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.
公开号：US20170260366A1
公开（公告）日：2017-09-14
The present invention relates to the use of phosphorous-containing organic oxyimides according to the general formula (I) as flame retardant for plastic materials, as radical generators in plastic materials and/or stabilisers for plastics. In addition, the present invention relates to a flame-retardant plastic material moulding compound in which the previously described phosphorous-containing organic oxyimides are integrated, and also to a method for the production of the previously mentioned plastic material composition. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a moulded article, a paint or a coating from the previously mentioned flame-retardant plastic material composition.
