May liquefy in cool or cold weather. Less dense than water. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat, the containers may rupture violently and rocket.
颜色/状态:
Colorless gas or very volatile liquid
气味:
Gasoline-like odor
闪点:
less than 19.4 °F
蒸汽密度:
2.5 (Air = 1)
蒸汽压力:
1290 mm Hg at 25 °C
大气OH速率常数:
8.49e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
自燃温度:
842 °F (450 °C)
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
燃烧热:
At 298 K: liquid = 3230 kJ/mol; gas = 3253 kJ/mol
汽化热:
22.75 kJ/mol
表面张力:
12.05 mN/m(=dyn/cm) at 20 °C; 10.98 mN/m(=dyn/cm) at 30 °C
Pentane is absorbed following inhalation and ingestion, and to a small extent from dermal exposure. Once in the body it distributes to the tissues and blood, with the highest concentration in the adipose tissue. Pentane is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system. The main metabolite is 2-pentanol, followed by 3-pentanol, and 2-pentanone. These intermediates are further metabolized to glucuronic acid conjugates or oxidized to ketone products, which are excreted in the urine and expired air. (A600)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dimethylpropane is a colorless flammable gas or a volatile liquid. It is used as a research chemical and in the manufacture of butyl rubber. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Drinking of dimethylpropane is expected to cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. Dimethylpropane is expected to be a potential aspiration hazard when swallowed because of its low surface tension and low viscosity. Once in the respiratory system, it can lead to spasms of the bronchial system, edema and hemorrhaging, chemical pneumonitis, asphyxia, or death. Signs and symptoms include coughing, choking, and gasping. Dimethylpropane vapor is nontoxic when inhaled except at very high concentrations exceeding the lower flammability limit. When large quantities are inhaled, dimethylpropane acts as an anesthetic and asphyxiant. At these high levels it will cause CNS depression such as drowsiness, anesthesia, and at higher concentrations, coma and death. Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. No further studies on human exposure or toxicity could be located. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dimethylpropane caused light anesthesia in mice exposed to 200,000 ppm for 30 min and anesthesia (loss of posture) at 270,000 ppm for 3 min exposure. Dimethylpropane was lethal to 40% of the mice exposed for 2 hr at a concentration of 340,000 ppm. After 2 hr of anesthesia, the surviving mice recovered quickly on average in 4 min. Dimethylpropane is hydroxylated by rat liver microsomes to its parent alcohol 2,2-dimethylpropanol. No other animal studies could be located.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
毒性总结
戊烷是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂。它通过脱髓鞘和轴索变性影响外周神经系统。
Pentane is a central nervous system depressant. It affects the peripheral nervous system through demyelinization and axonal degeneration. (T29)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
新戊烷在汽油中被发现,可能对人类具有致癌性(2B组)。
Neopentane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135)
Pentane is a central nervous system depressant and can cause loss of consciousness and coma at high doses. Ingestion may cause pulmonary toxicity due to pentane aspiration, including chemical pneumonitis, acute lung injury, and hemorrhage. Cardiovascular effects may include ventricular dysrhythmias and sudden death. (T29, A600)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
口服(T29);吸入(T29);皮肤(T29)
Oral (T29) ; inhalation (T29) ; dermal (T29)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
进入途径:吸入,摄入;皮肤和/或眼睛接触。
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion; skin and/or eye contact.
Studies were done on the pulmonary absorption of inhaled vapors of 20 gasoline-related hydrocarbon vapors, including neopentane. Male F344 rats were exposed to 1000 to 5000 ppm vapors of neopentane for 80 to 100 min. The uptake for neopentane was 5.4%. Highly volatile and branched hydrocarbons were less well absorbed than less volatile and unbranched hydrocarbons; unsaturated compounds were better absorbed than saturated ones. Less absorption could be the reason for the reduced toxicity seen with increased branching.
[Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane]platinum(0). Reactions with alkyl, (trimethylsilyl)methyl, aryl, benzyl, and alkynyl carbon-hydrogen bonds
作者:Marifaith. Hackett、George M. Whitesides
DOI:10.1021/ja00213a016
日期:1988.3
prepare l'intermediaire du titre qui reagit aussitot avec des composes aliphatiques, alicycliques, des composes benzeniques pour donner soit des complexes mixtes, soit des complexes d'alkyl, cyclanyl ou aryl platine
A partir du complexe 通讯员 de neopentyl platine on prepare l'intermediaire du titre qui reagit aussitot avec des composes aliphatiques, alicycliques, des composes benzeniques pour donner soit des complexes mixtes, soit des complexes d'alkyl, cyclanyl ou aryl platine
Manganese Porphyrins Catalyze Selective C−H Bond Halogenations
作者:Wei Liu、John T. Groves
DOI:10.1021/ja105548x
日期:2010.9.22
suggest that this carbon radical then reacts with a Mn(IV)-OCl species, providing the alkyl chloride and regenerating the reactive Mn(V)═O complex. The regioselectivity and the preference for CH(2) groups can be attributed to nonbonded interactions between the alkyl groups on the substrates and the aryl groups of the manganese porphyrin. The results are indicative of a bent [Mn(v)═O---H---C] geometry due
[EN] C-HALOGEN BOND FORMATION<br/>[FR] FORMATION DE LIAISON C-HALOGÈNE
申请人:GROVES JOHN T
公开号:WO2013028639A1
公开(公告)日:2013-02-28
Methods of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C-H bond are provided. Methods of fluorinating a carbon containing compound comprising halogenation with Cl or Br followed by nucleophilic substitution with F are provided. Methods of direct oxidative C-H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C-H bond are provided. The halogenated products of the methods are provided.
Nitroxide chemistry. Part II. Reaction of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide with some alkanes and alkenes; free-radical dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes
作者:R. E. Banks、R. N. Haszeldine、B. Justin
DOI:10.1039/j39710002777
日期:——
Methane resists attack by bistrifluoromethylnitroxide at room temperature, but hydrogen abstraction occurs with ethane [→ EtR, RCH2·CH2R, MeCOR; R =(CF3)2N·O throughout this paper], propane (→ PriR, MeCHR·-CH2R, Me2CO), isobutane (→ ButR, Me2CR·CH2R), isopentane (→ Me2CREt, Me2CR·CHRMe, RCH2·-CRMeEt), and neopentane (→ ButCH2R, ButCOR). Reaction of the nitroxide with 3-methylbut-1-ene at room temperature
甲烷在室温下可抵抗双三氟甲基硝基氧的攻击,但乙烷会吸收氢[ → EtR,RCH 2 ·CH 2 R,MeCOR; R =(CF 3)2 N·ö贯穿本文],丙烷(→镨我R,MeCHR·-CH 2 R,我2 CO),异丁烷(→卜吨R,我2 CR·CH 2 R),异戊烷(→ Me 2 CREt,Me 2 CR·CHRMe,RCH 2 ·-CRMeEt)和新戊烷(→ Bu t CH 2R,卜吨COR)。氮氧化物与3-甲基丁-1-烯在室温下的反应导致烯丙基叔氢的快速提取和异构丁烯Me 2 CR·CH:CH 2和Me 2 C:CH的1:1混合物的形成·CH 2 R几乎定量收率。当用双三氟甲基硝基氧处理异丁烯,2-甲基丁-1-烯,2-甲基丁-2-烯或四甲基乙烯时,加氢比提取氢更为重要。
Ring-opening of alkyl-substituted cyclopropanes in the presence of hydrogen on copper
作者:Mihály Bartók、István Pálinkó、Árpád Molnár
DOI:10.1039/c39870000953
日期:——
In the presence of hydrogen on copper, the cyclopropanes (1), (2), and (3) are transformed into saturatedhydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms (alkenes are also formed, through isomerization of the cyclopropanes); these studies reveal the importance of a previously unknown property of copper in heterogeneous metal catalysis.