Isopentane is metabolized by hydroxylation to 2-methyl-2-butanol as the major metabolite, and 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol as minor metabolites in rat, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig liver microsomes.
... Male mice of ICR strain were exposed to about 5% n-pentane for one hour while the oxygen in the environmental air was maintained at about 20%. Then their blood and liver tissue were collected and analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. The metabolites thus obtained were 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol and 2-pentanone. The same procedure was repeated with isopentane; 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol and 3-methyl-2-butanone were detected as the resultant metabolites. In the presence of the NADPH-generating system liver microsomes were made to react to the substrate of saturated n-pentane or isopentane aqueous solution at 37 degrees C for one hour. As a result, the same metabolites were produced as obtained in the exposure experiment. It was therefore suggested that n-pentane and isopentane were metabolized chiefly by liver microsomes.
Pentane is absorbed following inhalation and ingestion, and to a small extent from dermal exposure. Once in the body it distributes to the tissues and blood, with the highest concentration in the adipose tissue. Pentane is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system. The main metabolite is 2-pentanol, followed by 3-pentanol, and 2-pentanone. These intermediates are further metabolized to glucuronic acid conjugates or oxidized to ketone products, which are excreted in the urine and expired air. (A600)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Isopentane is a volatile liquid or gas. It is used as a solvent, in the manufacture of chlorinated derivatives, and as a blowing agent for polystyrene. HUMAN STUDIES: Inhalation can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and unconsciousness. Skin exposure leads to dry skin. Ingestion can cause nausea and vomiting. Isopentane is an aspiration hazard. If swallowed the substance easily enters the airways and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. Isopentane causes CNS depression between 270 and 400 mg/L, and is a weak cardiac sensitizer. High vapor concentrations are irritating to the skin and eyes. ANIMAL STUDIES: In dogs, 120,000 ppm isopentane was required to induce light anesthesia. Isopentane was lethal to dogs at levels of 150,000-170,000 ppm. Mice exposed to 90,000 ppm isopentane for 11 min showed light anesthesia. At higher concentrations (110,000 and 120,000 ppm), the CNS depression effect appeared within 4 and 2 min, respectively. In rats, no treatment-related effects of isopentane were found in relation to the reproductive capacity of parental animals or the pre- and post-natal development of the F1 generation. There were no treatment-related effects in either gender at </= 300 mg/kg/day. The mutagenic activity of isopentane has been assayed using the Ames test. At concentrations of 100,000 ppm, it was not mutagenic in the presence and absence of a metabolic activating system.
Pentane is a central nervous system depressant and can cause loss of consciousness and coma at high doses. Ingestion may cause pulmonary toxicity due to pentane aspiration, including chemical pneumonitis, acute lung injury, and hemorrhage. Cardiovascular effects may include ventricular dysrhythmias and sudden death. (T29, A600)
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylarylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl Indolines from
<i>N</i>
‐Allyl Anilines and Alkanes
作者:Deqiang Liang、Bojie Huo、Yongrui Dong、Yan Wang、Ying Dong、Baoling Wang、Yinhai Ma
DOI:10.1002/asia.201900176
日期:2019.6.3
C(sp3)−H functionalization of simple alkanes with unactivatedalkenes is presented. In the presence of a copper salt and di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP), N‐allyl anilines underwent exo‐selective alkylation/cyclization cascade with unactivated alkenic bonds as radical acceptors and simple alkanes as radical precursors, providing a direct access to 3‐alkyl indolines. The present protocol features simple operation
Stereoselective catalytic intermolecularC–H amination of complex molecules is reported. Site-selective functionalizations occur with very good yields up to 91% and excellent d.e.s up to 99%. However, the precise nature of the nitreneC–Hinsertion remains a matter of debate despite several physical organic experiments.
Cyclic Bent Allene Hydrido-Carbonyl Complexes of Ruthenium: Highly Active Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Olefins
作者:Conor Pranckevicius、Louie Fan、Douglas W. Stephan
DOI:10.1021/jacs.5b02203
日期:2015.4.29
found to be among the most active hydrogenation catalysts, achieving comparable activity to Crabtree's catalyst in the hydrogenation of unactivated trisubstituted olefins and superior activity in the hydrogenation of styrene derivatives in side-by-side catalytic runs. RuH(OSO2CF3)(CO)(SIMes)(CBA) was also found to be highly active in olefinselectivehydrogenation in the presence of a variety of unsaturated
Alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles for selective catalytic hydrogenation of dienes and trienes
作者:Ting-An Chen、Young-Seok Shon
DOI:10.1039/c7cy01880k
日期:——
(C8 PdNP) is investigated for selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes into monoenes. The strong influence of thiolate ligands on the chemical and electronic properties of Pd surface is confirmed by the mechanistic studies and highly selective catalysis results. The studies also suggest two major routes for the conjugated diene hydrogenation, the 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition of hydrogen. The selectivity
A Versatile Tripodal Cu(I) Reagent for C–N Bond Construction via Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry: Catalytic Perspectives and Mechanistic Insights on C–H Aminations/Amidinations and Olefin Aziridinations
作者:Vivek Bagchi、Patrina Paraskevopoulou、Purak Das、Lingyu Chi、Qiuwen Wang、Amitava Choudhury、Jennifer S. Mathieson、Leroy Cronin、Daniel B. Pardue、Thomas R. Cundari、George Mitrikas、Yiannis Sanakis、Pericles Stavropoulos
DOI:10.1021/ja503869j
日期:2014.8.13
intermediates play a major role and are generated by hydrogen-atom abstraction from substrate C-H bonds or initial nitrene-addition to one of the olefinic carbons. Subsequent processes include solvent-caged radical recombination to afford the major amination and aziridination products but also one-electron oxidation of diffusively free carboradicals to generate amidination products due to carbocation