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溴丙烷 | 106-94-5

中文名称
溴丙烷
中文别名
丙基溴;溴代丙烷;正溴丙烷;溴代正丙烷;1-溴丙烷;正丙基溴;n-溴丙;正丙溴;溴正丙烷;(正)丙基溴;n-溴丙烷
英文名称
propyl bromide
英文别名
n-propyl bromide;1-Bromopropane;n-bromopropane;bromopropane;bromo-n-propane;3-bromopropane;1‐bromopropane
溴丙烷化学式
CAS
106-94-5;26446-77-5
化学式
C3H7Br
mdl
MFCD00000254
分子量
122.993
InChiKey
CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -110 °C
  • 沸点:
    71 °C(lit.)
  • 密度:
    1.354 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    4.3 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    72 °F
  • 溶解度:
    易溶于丙酮、乙醇、乙醚、苯、氯仿、四氯化碳
  • 暴露限值:
    ACGIH: TWA 0.1 ppm
  • 介电常数:
    8.1(25℃)
  • LogP:
    2.1
  • 物理描述:
    1-bromopropane appears as a colorless liquid. Slightly denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Flash point below 75°F. When heated to high temperatures may emit toxic fumes.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless liquid
  • 气味:
    Sweet odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    4.25 (Air = 1)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    110.8 mm Hg at 20 °C
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    1.18e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:

    Stable under recommended storage conditions.

  • 自燃温度:
    914 °F (490 °C)
  • 分解:
    Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, hydrogen bromide gas.
  • 粘度:
    0.489 mPa.s at 25 °C
  • 燃烧热:
    -1.89X10+9 J/kmol (est)
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.4343 at 20 °C/D
  • 保留指数:
    591;614;614;618;616.4

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.1
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
六名工人(1名男性和5名女性)在一家高尔夫俱乐部清洁工厂工作时,暴露于高浓度的环境1-溴丙烷(1-BP)。1-BP在工人使用的溶剂样品中被鉴定出来,并确认了工人在3-10个月内每天的职业暴露于1-BP。主要表现的症状包括刺痛感、下肢疼痛和感觉异常。N-乙酰-S-(正丙基)-L-半胱氨酸(AcPrCys),一种1-BP代谢物,通过液相色谱-串联质谱(LC/MS/MS)在这些工人接触1-BP后5-26天的尿液中(0.171-1.74 mg/g-肌酐)被鉴定出来。
... Six workers, 1 male and 5 female, were exposed to high ambient 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) concentrations while employed in a golf club cleaning factory. 1-BP was identified in the bulk solvent sample used by the workers and confirmed the workers' daily occupational exposure to 1-BP for 3-10 months. The major presenting symptoms were tingling pain, soreness in lower extremities, and paresthesia. N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (AcPrCys), a 1-BP metabolite, was identified by LC/MS/MS in the urine (0.171-1.74 mg/g-Cr) of these workers 5-26 days following 1-BP exposure. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在这个研究中,考察了影响1-溴丙烷(1-BrP)处置和生物转化的因素,这是在雄性F344大鼠和B6C3F1小鼠在吸入暴露(800 ppm)或静脉给药(5、20和100 mg/kg)之后进行的。给与了(1,2,3-(13)C)1-BrP和(1-(14)C)1-BrP,以使用NMR光谱、LC-MS/MS和HPLC耦合放射性色谱来表征尿液中的代谢物。在大鼠和小鼠尿液中表征的代谢物包括N-乙酰-S-丙基半胱氨酸、N-乙酰-3-(丙基亚基)丙酸、N-乙酰-S-(2-羟基丙基)半胱酸、1--2-羟基丙烷-O-葡萄糖苷酸、N-乙酰-S-(2-氧代丙基)半胱酸和N-乙酰-3-[(2-氧代丙基)亚基]丙酸。这些代谢物可能是通过1-溴丙烷氧化成1--2-丙醇乙酰酮,随后与这两种化合物之一进行谷胱甘肽结合形成的。
... In this study, the factors influencing the disposition and biotransformation of 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were examined in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure (800 ppm) or intravenous administration (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg). (1,2,3-(13)C)1-BrP and (1-(14)C)1-BrP were administered to enable characterization of urinary metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC coupled radiochromatography. ... Metabolites characterized in urine of rats and mice include N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, N-acetyl-3-(propylsulfinyl)alanine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine, 1-bromo-2-hydroxypropane-O-glucuronide, N-acetyl-S-(2-oxopropyl)cysteine, and N-acetyl-3-[(2-oxopropyl)sulfinyl]alanine. These metabolites may be formed following oxidation of 1-bromopropane to 1-bromo-2-propanol and bromoacetone and following subsequent glutathione conjugation with either of these compounds. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
三种1-溴丙烷(1-BP)的代谢物在收集自两个制造家具座椅垫的设施中接触1-BP的30名工人的尿样中进行了测量,并评估了它们作为暴露生物标志物的适用性。为了这次评估,测定了巯基酸代谢物N-乙酰-S-(n-丙基)-L-半胱氨酸(AcPrCys)、3-溴丙酸(3-BPA)和溴离子平(Br(-))。
Three metabolites of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) were measured in urine samples collected from 30 workers exposed to 1-BP at two facilities making furniture seat cushions and evaluated for use as biomarkers of exposure. The mercapturic acid metabolite, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine (AcPrCys), 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), and bromide ion levels (Br(-)) were quantitated for this evaluation. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
谷胱甘肽S-烷基转移酶催化烷基卤化物和硝基烷烃的共轭反应,其中卤素或硝基团被替换。据报道,这一组共轭物进一步代谢为烷基亚磺酸酯酸亚砜,对于1-溴丙烷的情况已被报道。
Glutathione S-alkyl transferase catalyzes the conjugation of alkyl halides and nitroalkanes in which halogen or nitro group is replaced. Further metabolism of conjugates of this group to alkylmercapturic acid sulfoxides has been reported for...1-bromopropane.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
1-溴丙烷在肝脏中迅速代谢。产生三种巯基尿酸:N-乙酰-S-丙基半胱氨酸、N-乙酰-S-丙基半胱氨酸-S-氧化物和N-乙酰-S-(2-羟基丙基)半胱酸。1-溴丙烷也与谷胱甘肽迅速反应,并能形成谷胱甘肽结合物。
1-bromopropane is metabolized rapidly in the liver. Three mercapturic acids are produced: N-acetyl-S-propyl cysteine, N-acetyl-S-propyl cysteine-S-oxide and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)cysteine. 1-bromopropoane also reacts rapidly with glutathione and can form glutathione conjugates.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
1-溴丙烷(1-BP)是一种无色液体。1-BP主要用于作为溶剂清洁剂,在蒸汽和浸泡去脂操作中清洁光学器件、电子产品和属,并作为使用气溶胶粘合剂的行业的溶剂载体,例如泡沫垫制造。人体研究:职业暴露于1-BP与神经系统疾病有关。暴露于1-BP可能会对周围神经或/和中枢神经系统产生不利影响。一名43岁的男性工业工人出现了肌肉无力、疼痛、麻木和步态障碍。神经学检查显示感觉性共济失调性神经病,伴有上运动神经元的轻微损伤。他在工作场所使用1-BP作为属部件的清洁剂,且没有适当的防护。另一项病例报告显示,一名19岁的男性在职业暴露于基于1-BP的脱脂溶剂2个月后,出现了下肢和右手无力、麻木、吞咽和排尿困难。1-BP具有细胞毒性但不是腐蚀性,这是基于重建人表皮模型(EpiDerm皮肤腐蚀性测试)的结果。1-BP可以在体外诱导人白血球的DNA损伤。动物研究:1-BP在豚鼠中没有产生可归因于皮肤致敏的皮肤反应。吸入1-BP导致雄性大鼠皮肤肿瘤、雌雄大鼠大肠肿瘤和雌性小鼠肺肿瘤。还注意到,1-BP直接或通过反应代谢物引起了通常与致癌性相关的分子改变,包括遗传毒性、氧化应激和谷胱甘肽耗竭。目前尚不清楚1-BP诱导的免疫毒性是否在肿瘤发展中发挥作用。1-BP在啮齿动物中引起了免疫抑制。特别是,它减少了T细胞和T细胞亚群的数量。此外,有证据表明1-BP引起了炎症反应。在大鼠中,暴露于1-BP并不影响记忆功能或运动协调,但肌肉力量随剂量依赖性下降。自发活动增加和开放场行为表明1-BP对雄性大鼠的中枢神经系统具有兴奋作用。在1000和1500 ppm 1-BP中暴露4到7周的大鼠出现了体重下降、运动神经传导速度下降、周围神经远端潜伏期增加和大脑齿状回神经元功能障碍。在一项两代研究中,7周大的大鼠在交配前每天6小时,每周7天,连续70天暴露于0、100、250、500或750 ppm 1-BP。雌性大鼠在产后0到4天不暴露,只在产后5到21天暴露,而它们的后代不暴露。F1大鼠在断奶后开始直接暴露。在F0和F1雌性中观察到与剂量相关的动情周期长度增加(大于或等于250 ppm),卵巢滤泡囊肿和间质增生在500 ppm。在F0和F1代中观察到在大于或等于250 ppm时的生育能力和窝大小减少。母体在孕前暴露于1-BP可能会对后代海马CA1亚区的锥体细胞的兴奋性产生延迟的不利影响。在封闭系统中对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌测试菌株TA1535和TA100进行测试时,1-BP在有无代谢激活的情况下都具有诱变性,但对TA1537、TA1538或TA98菌株没有诱变性。然而,在其他研究中,1-BP在两种独立的细菌诱变性实验中均未表现出诱变性,每种实验都进行了有和无代谢激活的测试。测试的细菌菌株包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株TA97、TA98、TA100和TA1535,以及大肠杆菌菌株WP2 uvrA/pKM101。在小鼠和大鼠中进行的体内测试中,1-BP没有表现出诱变性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is a colorless liquid. 1-BP is used primarily as a solvent cleaner in vapor and immersion degreasing operations to clean optics, electronics, and metals and as a solvent vehicle in industries using aerosol-applied adhesives, such as foam cushion manufacturing. HUMAN STUDIES: Occupational exposure to 1-BP has been linked to neurological illnesses. Exposure to 1-BP could adversely affect peripheral nerves or/and the central nervous system. A 43-year-old male industrial worker developed muscle weakness, pain, numbness, and gait disturbance. Neurological examination indicated sensory ataxic neuropathy associated with mild impairment of upper motor neurons. He had used 1-BP as a cleaning agent for metal parts at his workplace without appropriate protection. Another case study reported that a 19-year-old male experienced weakness of the lower extremities and the right hand, numbness, and difficulty swallowing and urinating after 2 months of occupational exposure to a degreasing solvent based on 1-BP. 1-BP is cytotoxic but not corrosive, based on results from a cultured reconstructed human epidermal model (EpiDerm Skin Corrosivity Test). 1-BP can induce DNA damage in vitro in human leukocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: 1-BP did not produce cutaneous reactions in guinea pigs attributable to skin sensitization. Inhalation exposure to 1-BP caused skin tumors in male rats, large intestine tumors in female and male rats, and lung tumors in female mice. Also noted was that 1-BP, either directly or via reactive metabolites, caused molecular alterations that typically are associated with carcinogenesis, including genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and glutathione depletion. It is unclear whether induction of immunotoxicity by 1-BP plays a role in tumor development. 1-BP caused immunosuppression in rodents. In particular, it reduced the numbers of T cells and T-cell subpopulations. In addition, there is evidence that 1-BP caused an inflammatory response. In rats, exposure to 1-BP did not affect memory function or motor coordination but muscle strength decreased dose-dependently. Dose-dependent increases in spontaneous locomotor activity and open-field behavior indicated that 1-BP has excitatory effects on the CNS of male rats. Rats exposed at 1000 and 1500 ppm 1-BP for 4 to 7 weeks exhibited decreases in body weight and motor nerve conduction velocities, increased distal latency of peripheral nerves, and neuronal dysfunction in the dentate gyrus of the brain. In two-generation study, 7-week-old rats were exposed 6 hours/day, 7 days/week for 70 days prior to mating at 0, 100, 250, 500, or 750 ppm 1-BP. Females were not exposed on postnatal day 0 to 4 and only they, not their litters, were exposed during postnatal days 5 to 21. F1 rats began direct exposure at weaning. Dose-related increases in estrous cycle length at >/=250 ppm, and follicular cysts and interstitial hyperplasia of ovaries at 500 ppm were observed in F0 and F1 females. Reduced fertility and litter size was observed in the F0 and F1 generations at >/=250 ppm. Prenatal 1-BP exposure in dams can cause delayed adverse effects on excitability of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 subfield of offspring. 1-BP was mutagenic with or without metabolic activation toward Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535 and TA100 when tested in a closed system, but it was not mutagenic toward strains TA1537, TA1538, or TA98. However in other studies, 1-BP was not mutagenic in either of two independent bacterial mutagenicity assays, each conducted with and without metabolic activation. Bacterial strains tested included Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101. 1-BP was not mutagenic in vivo when tested in mice and rats.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
有机化物化合物,尤其是烷基化物,是强烈的烷基化剂。因此,它们可以随机地修改蛋白质和脂质的表面,导致酶、转运蛋白或膜功能的破坏。烷基化物对DNA的烷基化还可能导致突变。1-溴丙烷与肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)迅速反应,导致其迅速耗尽和随后的肝脏损伤。长期暴露于1-溴丙烷会减少齿状回中的神经发生,这可能导致神经毒性。大脑源性神经营养因子和糖皮质激素受体mRNA表达的下调以及海马中去甲肾上腺素平的降低可能至少部分地导致神经发生的减少。
Organobromide compounds, especially alkylbromides are strong alkylating agents. Consequently they can randomly modify the surfaces of proteins and lipids, leading to the disruption of enzyme, transporter or membrane functions. Alkylation of DNA by alkylbromides may also lead to mutations. 1-bromopropane reacts quickly with hepatic glutathione (GSH) leading to its rapid depletion and subsequent liver damage. Long-term exposure to 1-bromopropane decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus which may contribute to the neurotoxicity. Downregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor and glucocoritoid receptor mRNA expression and low hippocampal norepinephrine levels might contribute, at least in part, to the reduced neurogenesis.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
1-溴丙烷根据实验动物研究中充分的致癌性证据,合理预期为人类致癌物。
1-Bromopropane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A3:已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
评估:对于1-溴丙烷对人类的致癌性,目前人类的证据不足。对于1-溴丙烷对实验动物的致癌性,已有充分的证据。总体评估:1-溴丙烷可能对人类具有致癌性(2B组)。
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 1-bromopropane. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1-bromopropane. Overall evaluation: 1-Bromopropane is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在这个研究中,考察了影响1-溴丙烷(1-BrP)处置和生物转化的因素,实验对象是雄性F344大鼠和B6C3F1小鼠,通过吸入暴露(800 ppm)或静脉给药(5、20和100 mg/kg)。使用了(1,2,3-(13)C)1-BrP和(1-(14)C)1-BrP来通过NMR光谱、LC-MS/MS和HPLC联合放射性色谱对尿液中代谢物进行表征。收集了呼出的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)、呼出的CO(2)、尿液、粪便和组织,以测定给药后48小时内放射性分布。大鼠和小鼠呼出了大部分给药剂量,作为VOC(40-72%)或(14)CO(2)(10-30%)。对于大鼠而言,而不是小鼠,随着剂量的增加,呼出VOC的剂量百分比在中剂量组(大约50%)和高剂量组(大约71%)之间增加;而呼出(14)CO(2)的剂量百分比减少(从19%到10%)。呼出(14)CO(2)与释放的总化物的摩尔比随着剂量的增加而减少,这表明在大鼠中,相对于依赖于谷胱甘肽结合的途径,通过氧化代谢的1-BrP比例与剂量成反比。通过静脉给药5至100 mg/kg ((14)C)1-BrP的大鼠和小鼠在尿液中回收了((14)C)1-BrP的等价物(大鼠13-17%,小鼠14-23%),粪便中<2%,或在大鼠和小鼠的组织和尸体中保留<6%。用1-氨基苯并三唑(ABT),一种有效的P450抑制剂预处理的大鼠,尿液排泄减少(下降30%),呼出(14)CO2减少(下降80%),在肝脏中保留减少(下降90%),同时呼出的VOC中的放射性增加(上升52%)。在ABT预处理后,大鼠尿液中代谢物的数量从10减少到1,N-乙酰-S-丙基胱酸,这占了ABT预处理大鼠总尿液中放射性的90%以上。这些数据共同表明,细胞色素P450和谷胱甘肽在大鼠1-BrP的剂量依赖性代谢和处置中发挥作用。
... In this study, the factors influencing the disposition and biotransformation of 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were examined in male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following inhalation exposure (800 ppm) or intravenous administration (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg). (1,2,3-(13)C)1-BrP and (1-(14)C)1-BrP were administered to enable characterization of urinary metabolites using NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC coupled radiochromatography. Exhaled breath volatile organic chemicals (VOC), exhaled CO(2), urine, feces, and tissues were collected for up to 48 h post-administration for determination of radioactivity distribution. Rats and mice exhaled a majority of the administered dose as either VOC (40-72%) or (14)CO(2) (10-30%). For rats, but not mice, the percentage of the dose exhaled as VOC increased between the mid ( approximately 50%) and high ( approximately 71%) dose groups; while the percentage of the dose exhaled as (14)CO(2) decreased (19 to 10%). The molar ratio of exhaled (14)CO(2) to total released bromide, which decreased as dose increased, demonstrated that the proportion of 1-BrP metabolized via oxidation relative to pathways dependent on glutathione conjugation is inversely proportional to dose in the rat. ((14)C)1-BrP equivalents were recovered in urine (13-17%, rats; 14-23% mice), feces (<2%), or retained in the tissues and carcass (<6%) of rats and mice administered i.v. 5 to 100 mg/kg ((14)C)1-BrP. ... Rats pretreated with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a potent inhibitor of P450 excreted less in urine (down 30%), exhaled as (14)CO2 (down 80%), or retained in liver (down 90%), with a concomitant increase in radioactivity expired as VOC (up 52%). Following ABT pretreatment, rat urinary metabolites were reduced in number from 10 to 1, N-acetyl-S-propylcysteine, which accounted for >90% of the total urinary radioactivity in ABT pretreated rats. Together, these data demonstrate a role for cytochrome P450 and glutathione in the dose-dependent metabolism and disposition of 1-BrP in the rat.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
据报道,口服的1-溴丙烷会通过呼出的空气排出体外。
.../It is/ reported that orally administered 1-bromopropane is excreted in expired air.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
父母化合物和代谢物以巯基尿酸的形式通过尿液排出。
Parent compound and metabolites are excreted in urine as mercapturic acids.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
调查人员以200毫克/公斤的剂量通过腹腔注射给斯普拉格-道利大鼠1-BP,并观察到在呼出的气体中迅速排出了超过半数的给药剂量。到了第100小时,有25%的1-BP剂量通过尿液排出。
/Investigators/ injected Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg 1-BP and observed a rapid excretion of greater than half of the administered dose in expired air. By hour 100, 25% of the 1-BP dose was excreted in the urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 危险品标志:
    F
  • 安全说明:
    S45,S53
  • 危险类别码:
    R60,R67,R63,R36/37/38,R11,R48/20
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 海关编码:
    2903399090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2344 3/PG 2
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    TX4110000
  • 包装等级:
    II

SDS

SDS:d7594fa10a933371832ef6129a2625a3
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国标编号: 33530
CAS: 106-94-5
中文名称: 1-溴丙烷
英文名称: propyl bromide;1-bromopropane
别 名: 正丙基代正丙烷丙烷
分子式: C 3 H 7 Br;BrCH 2 CH 2 CH 3
分子量: 122.99
熔 点: -110℃ 沸点:70.9℃
密 度: 相对密度(=1)1.36;
蒸汽压: 26℃
溶解性: 不溶于,溶于醇、醚、四氯化碳
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色液体,有刺激性气味
危险标记: 7(易燃液体)
用 途: 用作溶剂

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入。
健康危害:本品对中枢神经系统有抑制作用。对皮肤和眼有刺激性。动物接触麻醉浓度可引起肺、肝损害。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
急性毒性:LD502900mg/kg(大鼠腑腔内);小鼠吸入50g/m3,30分钟侧倒,一昼夜死亡。
危险特性:易燃,遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触,有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。受高热分解产生有毒的化物气体。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳二氧化碳溴化氢
3.现场应急监测方法:

4.实验室监测方法:
1-溴丙烷原料的色谱分析——(Skakun,S.A.;Kolesnichenko,N.Ya.),《Khim.Prom-st.,Ser.:Metody Anal.Kontrolya Kach .Prod.Khim.Prom-sti.》,1980,No2,15-16(俄文)。《分析化学文摘》,1982.6
5.环境标准:

6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源,防止进入下道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:可能接触其蒸气时,应该佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴空气呼吸器。
眼睛防护:必要时,戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿防毒物渗透工作服。
手防护:戴防苯耐油手套。
其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。注意检测毒物。注意个人清洁卫生。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂和清彻底冲洗皮肤。
眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清或生理盐冲洗。就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:饮足量,催吐。就医。
灭火方法:喷冷却容器,可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。。灭火剂:泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。

制备方法与用途

正丙基简介

正丙基是一种无色透明液体,作为工业用化工产品被广泛应用。1-溴丙烷同样为无色或淡黄色透明液体,具有中性或微酸性,对光敏感,熔点为-110℃,沸点71℃,相对密度1.357(20℃),折射率为1.4341。它能与醇、醚任意比例混合,并且仅微溶于

应用

正丙基广泛应用于医药、农药、染料香料的制造。此外,还可用作Grignard试剂原料及芳香族化合物的烷基化剂。其中,1-溴丙烷是制备药物丙胺和丙磺舒的重要中间体。

制备

丙醇氢溴酸硫酸作用下反应可得1-溴丙烷: $$ \mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2OH + HBr \rightarrow [H_2SO_4] CH_3CH_2CH_2Br} $$ 具体步骤为:将氢溴酸加入浓硫酸中,再加入正丙醇,加热回流0.5小时。在70-75℃下蒸出生成的溴丙烷,并用浓盐酸洗涤、碳酸溶液中和至pH=7,无硫酸干燥后过滤,滤液蒸馏收集69-74℃馏分即得。

另一种制备方法是正丙醇溴化钠反应: $$ \mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2OH + NaBr \rightarrow [H_2SO_4] CH_3CH_2CH_2Br} $$ 操作步骤如下:将正丙醇溴化钠一起加热至回流,保持69-72℃滴加硫酸并继续回流2小时。蒸馏收集68-100℃馏出液,并用碳酸溶液洗至中性后再蒸馏收集68-76℃馏出液即得溴丙烷。在红存在下,正丙醇反应也可制备溴丙烷

化学性质

1-溴丙烷为无色或淡黄色透明液体,中性或微酸性,对光敏感,熔点-110℃,沸点71℃,相对密度1.357(20℃),折射率1.4341。能与醇、醚任意比例混合,并且仅微溶于

用途

作为有机合成原料之一,1-溴丙烷广泛用于农药中制备有机磷杀虫剂硫丙磷丙硫磷丙溴磷等;还用于医药、染料香料工业,以及作为Grignard试剂的原料。此外,在制药领域,1-溴丙烷是合成药物的关键中间体之一。

类别

正丙基属于易燃液体类物质,具有中毒性。急性毒性方面:口服-大鼠LD50: 4000毫克/公斤;腹腔-小鼠LD50: 2530毫克/公斤。

爆炸物危险特性

与空气混合可爆炸

可燃性危险特性

遇明火、高温、氧化剂易燃,燃烧时产生有毒化物烟雾。

储运特性

库房应通风低温干燥,与氧化剂分开存放。

灭火剂

使用、干粉或二氧化碳等灭火。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    溴丙烷 在 sodium amalgam 、 乙酸乙酯 作用下, 生成 二丙汞
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Melnikow, Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, 1946, vol. 16, p. 2065,2067
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    三正丙胺2-氯-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪 、 sodium bromide 作用下, 以 丙酮 为溶剂, 以65%的产率得到溴丙烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Kolesinska; Kaminski, Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2008, vol. 82, # 11, p. 2115 - 2123
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    3-丁基吡啶酮与甲基拉卡德的反应
    摘要:
    3-丁基吡啶g甲基丙烯酸单丁酯,二乙基己酸酯和二甲苯,可用于定性和定量分析。Unter den monomethylierierten Produkten herrscht das 3-Butyl-2-methyl-pyridin vor; 3-丁基-4-甲基-和5-丁基-2-甲基-吡啶 3-丁基-5-甲基-吡啶表示kaum。Die Konstitution des 3-Butyl-4-methyl-pyridins wurde durch Abbau zumγ-Picolin bewiesen。芦苇形式的3-丁-二甲基-吡啶异丁烯的芳烃衍生物。和二苯并呋喃酮和3-丁基-2,6-二甲基-吡啶二烷。
    DOI:
    10.1002/hlca.19570400738
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文献信息

  • 2-Amino-6-arylsulfonylbenzonitriles as Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1
    作者:Joseph H. Chan、Jean S. Hong、Robert N. Hunter、G. Faye Orr、Jill R. Cowan、Douglas B. Sherman、Steven M. Sparks、Barbara E. Reitter、C. Webster Andrews、Richard J. Hazen、Marty St Clair、Lawrence R. Boone、Rob G. Ferris、Katrina L. Creech、Grace B. Roberts、Steven A. Short、Kurt Weaver、Ronda J. Ott、Jingshan Ren、Andrew Hopkins、David I. Stuart、David K. Stammers
    DOI:10.1021/jm0004906
    日期:2001.6.1
    A series of 2-amino-5-arylthiobenzonitriles (1) was found to be active against HIV-1. Structural modifications led to the sulfoxides (2) and sulfones (3). The sulfoxides generally showed antiviral activity against HIV-1 similar to that of 1. The sulfones, however, were the most potent series of analogues, a number having activity against HIV-1 in the nanomolar range. Structural-activity relationship
    发现一系列2-基-5-芳基苄腈(1)具有抗HIV-1的活性。结构上的改变产生了亚砜(2)和砜(3)。亚砜通常显示出与HIV-1相似的抗病毒活性。然而,砜是最有效的类似物系列,其中一些具有在纳摩尔范围内的抗HIV-1活性。结构活性关系(SAR)研究表明,间位取代基,特别是间位甲基取代基,总是会增加抗病毒活性。然而,最佳的抗病毒活性由芳基磺酰基部分中的两个间位基团都被取代且取代基之一是甲基的化合物表现出来。这种混乱导致化合物3v,3w,3x和3y在低纳摩尔范围内具有针对HIV-1的IC50值。当评估它们对关键的非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI)相关突变体的广谱抗病毒活性时,所有二元取代的砜3u-z和2-基类似物3ee通常显示出对数显性的单摩尔纳米摩尔活性。 V106A和P236L菌株以及针对菌株E138K,V108I和Y188C的亚微摩尔至低纳摩尔活性。然而,他们显示出缺乏针对K10
  • Synthese und flüssigkristalline Eigenschaften 2,6-disubstituierter Naphthaline
    作者:Urs H. Lauk、Peter Skrabal、Heinrich Zollinger
    DOI:10.1002/hlca.19850680533
    日期:1985.8.14
    Synthesis and Liquid-Crystal Properties of 2,6-Disubstituted Naphthalene Derivatives
    2,6-二取代生物的合成及液晶性能
  • 普罗雌烯的合成工艺
    申请人:北京金城泰尔制药有限公司
    公开号:CN110218234B
    公开(公告)日:2020-04-28
    本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种普罗雌烯的合成工艺。以雌二醇为原料,与卤代试剂在固体酸催化剂催化下进行卤代反应,生成3‑羟基‑17β‑雌甾‑1,3,5(10)‑三烯,再与甲醇钠甲醇溶液进行取代反应,最后与1‑溴丙烷利用Williamson合成反应合成3‑丙氧基‑17β‑甲氧基雌甾‑1,3,5(10)‑三烯;固体酸催化剂为磺化碳基固体酸催化剂或ZSM‑5分子筛催化剂。本发明利用氢溴酸甲醇钠代替危险性较高的氢化和毒性较大的硫酸二甲酯,反应没有易燃气体生成,降低环境的污染以及安全隐患,保证产品的收率和质量,HPLC纯度高于99.8%,单个杂质低于0.05%,适合于工业化生产。
  • 一种普罗雌烯的合成方法
    申请人:中国人民解放军军事科学院防化研究院
    公开号:CN110003298B
    公开(公告)日:2021-04-27
    本发明涉及一种化合物普罗雌烯的合成方法,该化合物为雌二醇的衍生物,具有雌激素的特性,对调节和促进女性性器官和副特征的正常发育有重要作用。本发明采用雌二醇为起始原料,在丙酮溶剂中用氢氧化钠碱催化与正溴丙烷反应制备3‑丙氧基‑17β‑羟基雌甾‑1,3,5(10)‑三烯,然后在四氢呋喃溶剂中以氢化为碱性催化剂,碘甲烷为甲基化试剂制得普罗雌烯。该合成方法具有反应条件温和,溶剂或试剂毒性低,后处理方便,产率高,合成成本低、对环境友好等优点。
  • Imidazoline derivatives as alpha-1A adrenoceptor ligands
    申请人:Bigham Eric Cleveland
    公开号:US06884801B1
    公开(公告)日:2005-04-26
    Compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are disclosed. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of Alpha-1A mediated diseases or conditions such as urinary incontinence.
    化合物的化学式(I)或其药用可接受的盐或溶剂的复合物已被披露。这些化合物在治疗Alpha-1A介导的疾病或症状,如尿失禁方面是有用的。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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