3-硝基甲苯由甲苯在50℃以下用混酸硝化后,经分馏和精制而得。甲苯硝化的产物多样,包括邻硝基甲苯、对硝基甲苯、间硝基甲苯、2,4—二硝基甲苯和2,4,6—三硝基甲苯等。硝基甲苯及其二硝基衍生物是重要的医药、染料及农药中间体。在常规条件下,邻位产物多于对位,而对位的产量又远高于间位。当前国内市场对面、对位的硝基甲苯需求较大,因此国内外研究者致力于提高其收率。尽管已有一定进展,但生成一定程度的间硝基甲苯仍是不可避免的。
性质3-硝基甲苯为淡黄色油状液体,具有类似硝基苯的味道。它相对密度1.1571,熔点为16℃,沸点在230~231℃之间。几乎不溶于水,但能溶解于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿和苯中,并且可以与水蒸气一同挥发。
制备间硝基甲苯可通过甲苯在50℃以下用混酸硝化后,经分馏和精制而获得。
应用由间硝基甲苯合成下游产品主要是苯环上的两个官能团进行氧化、还原或氯化反应。
化学性质3-硝基甲苯为黄色易燃液体或晶体。不溶于水,可溶于苯,并且与乙醇和乙醚混溶。
用途主要用于有机合成领域,作为农药、染料、医药、彩色显影剂、塑料、合成纤维及助剂的中间体。
生产方法在工业生产邻硝基甲苯和对硝基甲苯时,可同时回收间硝基甲苯。由3-硝基-4-氨基甲苯经一系列过程可制备间硝基甲苯,收率约为67%。
毒性分级高毒
急性毒性与空气混合可爆。
可燃性危险特性遇明火可燃;燃烧时产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾。
储运特性库房应保持通风、低温和干燥,并与其他氧化剂或食品添加剂分开存放。
灭火剂 职业标准中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
间硝基氯化苄 | 3-Nitrobenzyl chloride | 619-23-8 | C7H6ClNO2 | 171.583 |
3-硝基溴苄 | 1-bromomethyl-3-nitrobenzene | 3958-57-4 | C7H6BrNO2 | 216.034 |
4-硝基-2-甲苯胺 | 2-methyl-4-nitro-benzenamine | 99-52-5 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
3-硝基苯乙腈 | (3-nitrophenyl)acetonitrile | 621-50-1 | C8H6N2O2 | 162.148 |
3-硝基苯乙醛 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)acetaldehyde | 66146-33-6 | C8H7NO3 | 165.148 |
3-硝基苯乙醇 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)ethanol | 52022-77-2 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
1-(重氮甲基)-3-硝基苯 | (m-nitrophenyl)diazomethane | 19479-81-3 | C7H5N3O2 | 163.136 |
2-碘-5-硝基甲苯 | 2-iodo-5-nitrotoluene | 5326-38-5 | C7H6INO2 | 263.035 |
4-甲基-2-硝基苯胺 | 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline | 89-62-3 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
3-亚硝基甲苯 | 3-nitrosotoluene | 620-26-8 | C7H7NO | 121.139 |
3-硝基邻二甲苯 | 2,3-dimethylnitrobenzene | 83-41-0 | C8H9NO2 | 151.165 |
AR-甲基-AR-硝基苯胺 | 2-Methyl-6-nitroaniline | 570-24-1 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
3-硝基苯乙酸 | 3-nitro-benzeneacetic acid | 1877-73-2 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
硝基苯 | nitrobenzene | 98-95-3 | C6H5NO2 | 123.111 |
—— | m-nitrobenzylphosphonic acid | 40299-58-9 | C7H8NO5P | 217.118 |
—— | 3-nitrobenzyl phenyl sulfide | 80239-81-2 | C13H11NO2S | 245.302 |
2-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸 | 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid | 1975-51-5 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
1-(溴甲基)-6-甲基-2-硝基苯 | 2-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 77378-54-2 | C8H8BrNO2 | 230.061 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
间硝基苯腈 | 3-nitrobenzonitrile | 619-24-9 | C7H4N2O2 | 148.121 |
—— | 1-(fluoromethyl)-3-nitrobenzene | 455-94-7 | C7H6FNO2 | 155.129 |
间硝基苯甲醛 | 3-nitro-benzaldehyde | 99-61-6 | C7H5NO3 | 151.122 |
间硝基氯化苄 | 3-Nitrobenzyl chloride | 619-23-8 | C7H6ClNO2 | 171.583 |
3-硝基溴苄 | 1-bromomethyl-3-nitrobenzene | 3958-57-4 | C7H6BrNO2 | 216.034 |
4-硝基-2-甲苯胺 | 2-methyl-4-nitro-benzenamine | 99-52-5 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
3,5-二硝基甲苯 | 3,5-dinitrotoluene | 618-85-9 | C7H6N2O4 | 182.136 |
—— | 3-nitrobenzaldoxime | 3431-62-7 | C7H6N2O3 | 166.136 |
3-硝基苯基二氯甲烷 | m-nitrobenzylidene chloride | 619-28-3 | C7H5Cl2NO2 | 206.028 |
—— | 1-(dibromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzene | 70970-06-8 | C7H5Br2NO2 | 294.93 |
3-硝基苯乙醇 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)ethanol | 52022-77-2 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
2-甲基-4-硝基苯酚 | 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol | 99-53-6 | C7H7NO3 | 153.137 |
4-甲基-2-硝基苯胺 | 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline | 89-62-3 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
2-氯-5-硝基甲苯 | 1-chloro-2-methyl-4-nitrobenzene | 13290-74-9 | C7H6ClNO2 | 171.583 |
2-氟-5-硝基甲苯 | 5-nitro-2-fluorotoluene | 455-88-9 | C7H6FNO2 | 155.129 |
2-溴-5-硝基甲苯 | 2-bromo-5-nitrotoluene | 7149-70-4 | C7H6BrNO2 | 216.034 |
间硝基三氟甲苯 | 3-trifluoromethylnitrobenzene | 98-46-4 | C7H4F3NO2 | 191.109 |
间甲苯基羟胺 | N-(3-methylphenyl)hydroxylamine | 620-25-7 | C7H9NO | 123.155 |
3-亚硝基甲苯 | 3-nitrosotoluene | 620-26-8 | C7H7NO | 121.139 |
—— | 1-azidomethyl-3-nitrobenzene | 126799-84-6 | C7H6N4O2 | 178.15 |
—— | β-NO2C6H4CBr3 | 95111-05-0 | C7H4Br3NO2 | 373.826 |
2,5-二硝基甲苯 | 2,5-dinitrotoluene | 619-15-8 | C7H6N2O4 | 182.136 |
3-硝基-4-氯甲苯 | 1-chloro-4-methyl-2-nitro-benzene | 89-60-1 | C7H6ClNO2 | 171.583 |
AR-甲基-AR-硝基苯胺 | 2-Methyl-6-nitroaniline | 570-24-1 | C7H8N2O2 | 152.153 |
4-溴-3-硝基甲苯 | 4-Bromo-3-nitrotoluene | 5326-34-1 | C7H6BrNO2 | 216.034 |
间硝基苯甲酸 | 3-nitrobenzoic acid | 121-92-6 | C7H5NO4 | 167.121 |
3-硝基苯乙酸 | 3-nitro-benzeneacetic acid | 1877-73-2 | C8H7NO4 | 181.148 |
3-硝基乙酸苄酯 | 3-nitrobenzyl acetate | 21388-97-6 | C9H9NO4 | 195.175 |
3-硝基苯甲酰胺 | 3-nitrobenzamide | 645-09-0 | C7H6N2O3 | 166.136 |
3,4-二硝基甲苯 | 3,4-Dinitrotoluene | 610-39-9 | C7H6N2O4 | 182.136 |
—— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanenitrile | —— | C11H12N2O2 | 204.228 |
2-氯-3-硝基甲苯 | 2-chloro-3-nitrotoluene | 3970-40-9 | C7H6ClNO2 | 171.583 |
硝基苯 | nitrobenzene | 98-95-3 | C6H5NO2 | 123.111 |
2-甲基-6-硝基苯酚 | 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol | 13073-29-5 | C7H7NO3 | 153.137 |
—— | 1-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-2-phenylhydrazine | 7539-23-3 | C13H11N3O2 | 241.249 |
—— | N-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-aniline | 88374-25-8 | C9H12N2O2 | 180.206 |
1-溴-2-(溴甲基)-4-硝基苯 | 1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-4-nitrobenzene | 939-82-2 | C7H5Br2NO2 | 294.93 |
Nanosized perovskite-type SmFeO3 powder, prepared through the thermal decomposition of Sm[Fe(CN)6].4H2O with an average particle diameter of 28 nm and a specific surface area of 42 m2 g−1, was used as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient and selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds into the corresponding amines by using propan-2-ol as a hydrogen donor (reducing agent) and KOH as a promoter under microwave irradiation. This highly regio- and chemoselective catalytic method is fast, clean, inexpensive, high yielding and also compatible with the substrates containing easily reducible functional groups. In addition, the nanosized SmFeO3 catalyst can be reused without loss of activity.