代谢
二硝基甲苯在大鼠体内的生物活化被认为通过以下过程发生:甲基团通过细胞色素P450依赖途径被氧化成醇;苯甲醇与葡萄糖酸酸结合并随胆汁排出体外。肠道微生物菌群水解葡萄糖苷酸并还原一个硝基团,形成可以重新从肠道吸收的氨基硝基苄醇。氨基团通过肝酶被氧化成羟胺并与硫酸盐结合。硫酸酯的分解产生高度亲电子的硝基碳正离子(或碳正离子),该离子可以与DNA和其他生物亲核物质反应。
Bioactivation of dinitrotoluene in the rat is thought to occur by the following processes: The methyl group is oxidized to an alcohol by a cytochrome p450 dependent pathway; the benzyl alcohol is conjugated with glucoronic acid and excreted in the bile. Intestinal microflora hydrolyze the glucuronide and reduce one nitro group, forming an aminonitrobenzyl alcohol which can be readsorbed from the intestine. The amino group oxidized to an hydroxylamine by hepatic enzymes and conjugated with sulfate. Decomposition of the sulfate ester yields a highly electrophilic nitrenium (or carbonium) ion which can react with DNA and other biological nucleophiles.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)