合成了新型的氟化磺酸盐表面活性剂,其中全氟烷基链被醚氧(–O–)或亚甲基(–CH 2 –)单元中断。这两类分子都涉及多步合成。氟醚磺酸盐(RfOCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 SO 3 H,Rf = C 2 F 5,C 3 F 7)通过四个步骤实现,包括全氟乙烯基醚的氟碘化(RfCF = CF 2),乙基化,氯化和水解。亚甲基间断氟磺酸盐(RfCH 2 CF 2 CH 2还分四个步骤制备CH 2 SO 3 H,Rf = C 4 F 9,C 6 F 13),包括氟代烷基碘的偏二氟乙烯插入,乙烯插入,氯化和水解。所有中间体和最终产物均通过1 H和19 F NMR进行了很好的表征。将这些新型氟化表面活性剂与市售氟磺酸盐(C 6 F 13 CH 2 CH 2 SO 3H)表面活性。这些材料与市售含氟表面活性剂的表面张力相匹配,但由于它们的氟含量较低而更加有效。
New classes of partially fluorinated cationic surfactants, including pyridinium sulfonates and ammonium hydrochlorides have been prepared in which a fluoroalkyl chain is interrupted either by ether oxygen (O), or by methylene (CH2) units. These surfactants are obtained from multi-step syntheses via intermediate fluoroalkyl ethylene iodides (RfO(CF2CF2)nCH2CH2I, Rf = C3F7, C2F5, n = 1–3 or Rf(CH2CF2)m(CH2CH2)n
已经制备了新型的部分氟化的阳离子表面活性剂,包括磺酸吡啶鎓盐和铵盐酸盐,其中氟烷基链被醚氧(O )或亚甲基(CH 2)单元中断。这些表面活性剂是通过中间体氟代烷基碘乙烷(RfO(CF 2 CF 2)n CH 2 CH 2 I,Rf = C 3 F 7, C 2 F 5, n = 1-3或Rf(CH 2 CF 2)m(CH 2 CH 2)n,Rf = C 4 F 9,C 6 F 13m = 0–2,n = 1-2)或氟代烷基碘(RfI,Rf = C 3 F 7 O(CF 2 CF 2)3 I,C 6 F 13)。检查了这些氟化阳离子表面活性剂的表面活性,并与在油田应用中用作添加剂的市售氟化阳离子表面活性剂进行了比较。一些实施例显示出相对于对照物良好的性能,但是具有更高的氟效率,因为它们比全氟烷基类似物具有更低的氟含量。对于盐酸铵,还研究了阳离子与包括乙烯,丁烯和亚异丙基的氟化链之间不同间隔基团对表面活性的影响。
METHODS USING AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANTS
申请人:Peng Sheng
公开号:US20110092735A1
公开(公告)日:2011-04-21
A method of providing a surface effect to a medium or substrate comprising contacting the medium or substrate with a compound of formula (I):
wherein
R
a
is linear or branched F(CF
2
)
n
(CH
2
CF
2
)
m
—, or linear or branched F(CF
2
)
r
—O—B—;
B is (C
s
F
2s
) optionally interrupted by 1 to 2 catenary oxygen atoms, each oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms,
n is 2 to 4, m is 1 to 4, r is 1 to 4, s is 1 to 4, provided that (r+s) is a maximum of 7,
A is O or (CH
2
)
k
—COO,
R
1
is hydrogen or a methyl,
R
2
and R
3
are each independently alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and
p, q and k are each independently integers from 1 to 10.
Surfactants of formula (I)
wherein
each R is independently hydrogen or a C1 to C4 alkyl group;
A is independently hydrogen or —C(O)—O—B;
Ro is a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic group, or combination thereof, having from about 2 to about 100 carbon atoms, interrupted or substituted by 1 to about 50 hydrophilic groups, said hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amino, ether and mixtures thereof; wherein specific ratios of and bonding of hydrophilic groups to carbon atoms is required;
each B is independently of specific formulae containing perfluoroalkyl and —S(CH2)t—, and m, d, n, and t are 0 or integers with specific limitations.
A compound comprising Formula 5
R
f
OCFHCF
2
O(CH
2
CH
2
O)
v
—H Formula 5
wherein
R
f
is C
c
F
(2c+1)
;
c is 2 to about 6; and
v is 2 to about 4;
and a process for its preparation comprising contacting a compound of Formula 6
R
f
—O—CF═CF
2
Formula 6
wherein R
f
is C
c
F
(2c+1)
, and c is 2 to about 6, with a compound of Formula 7
HO—(CH
2
CH
2
O)
v
—H Formula 7
wherein v is 2 to about 4.
The synthesis of CnF2n+1(VDF)x–(CH2)p– where n = 2, 4; x = 2, 3, 4; p = 0, 1, 2 and VDF and stand for vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and I, OH, or CO2H, respectively, are presented. First, the radical telomerization of VDF with CnF2n+1–I to direct low molecular weight-telomers was investigated in various experimental conditions: initiators, temperatures and solvents to favour the formation of CnF2n+1(VDF)xI
C n F 2 n +1(VDF)x –(CH 2)p –的合成 其中n = 2,4; x = 2、3、4; p = 0、1、2和VDF以及 分别代表偏二氟乙烯(VDF)和I,OH或CO 2 H的代表。首先,在各种实验条件下研究了VDF与C n F 2 n +1 –I自由基端粒化以直接形成低分子量端粒的过程:引发剂,温度和溶剂有利于C n F 2 n +1(VDF的形成) )x I.在任何实验条件下,均观察到•C n F 2 n +1的区域选择性自由基加成自由基到VDF的亚甲基位置上。然后,在过氧化物引发剂的存在下,将这些VDF端粒进行乙烯化,同时对含VDF的碘化物反应物进行定量转化。R F(VDF)x C 2 H 4 I变成R F(VDF)C 2 H 4 OH的化学变化分为两个步骤:(i)由DMF /水的混合物(其含量为6/1导致最佳条件);(ii)随后是碱性介质,以将R F(VDF)x