Synthesis and in Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Alkyl Esters Gallate as a Growth Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum
作者:Ade Arsianti、Hendry Astuti、Fadilah Fadilah、Daniel Martin Simadibrata、Zoya Marie Adyasa、Daniel Amartya、Anton Bahtiar、Hiroki Tanimoto、Kiyomi Kakiuchi
DOI:10.13005/ojc/340207
日期:2018.4.28
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasite Plasmodium which has a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical countries. In Indonesia, around 396 districts are found as endemic area for malaria, with the highest Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) in Papua, West Papua and East Nusa Tenggara. Currently, treatment for malaria caused by parasite Plasmodium falciparum relies on the use of 4-aminoquinoline or synergistic combinations of antifolates and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. However, this treatment is no longer effective and develop resistancy. This fact suggesting the new antimalarial activity that is more effective and safer are needed. Previous research revealed that gallic acid and its alkyl esters derivatives exhibited antimalarial activity. This study is aimed to synthesize alkyl esters gallate and determine its in vitro antimalarial activity against parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Fourteen compounds of alkyl esters gallate were synthesized by esterification of the carboxyl group of gallic acid with a series of alkyl alcohols, as well as methoxylation of the hydroxy groups on the aromatic ring of gallic acid. Antimalarial activity of the synthesized alkyl esters gallate were expressed by IC50 value, with gallic acid as an original compound and artemisin as a positive control. Compared to gallic acid, eleven synthesized compounds of alkyl esters gallate, have a greater antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. On the other hand, three compounds, that are propyl gallate, butyl gallate and trimethoxy methyl gallate, showed a lower antimalarial activity. Moreover, compared to gallic acid (IC50 : 194.86 mM) and artemisin (IC50 : 0.5 mM), two synthesized compounds of alkyl gallates, namely methyl gallate and hexyl gallate exhibited the stronger antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 value of 0.03 mM and 0.11 mM, respectively. Our result clearly demonstrated that methyl gallate and hexyl gallate as a promising candidate for the new antimalarial agents.
疟疾是由疟原虫引起的传染病,在热带和亚热带国家流行。在印度尼西亚,大约 396 个地区被发现为疟疾流行区,其中巴布亚、西巴布亚和东努沙登加拉的年度寄生虫发病率 (A
PI) 最高。目前,由恶性疟原虫引起的疟疾的治疗依赖于使用
4-氨基喹啉或抗叶酸剂和
磺胺甲恶唑-
甲氧苄啶的协同组合。然而,这种治疗不再有效并产生耐药性。这一事实表明需要更有效、更安全的新抗疟活性。先前的研究表明,
没食子酸及其烷基酯衍
生物具有抗疟活性。本研究旨在合成
没食子酸烷基酯并测定其对恶性疟原虫的体外抗疟活性。通过
没食子酸的羧基与一系列烷基醇的酯化反应以及
没食子酸芳环上的羟基的甲氧基化反应,合成了14种
没食子酸烷基酯化合物。以
没食子酸为原始化合物,
青蒿素为阳性对照,合成的
没食子酸烷基酯的抗疟活性以IC50值表示。 与
没食子酸相比,合成的十一种
没食子酸烷基酯化合物对恶性疟原虫具有更强的抗疟活性。另一方面,
没食子酸丙酯、
没食子酸丁酯和
没食子酸三甲氧基甲酯这三种化合物显示出较低的抗疟活性。此外,与
没食子酸(IC50:194.86 mM)和
青蒿素(IC50:0.5 mM)相比,两种合成的
没食子酸烷基酯化合物,即
没食子酸甲酯和
没食子酸己酯,对恶性疟原虫表现出更强的抗疟活性,IC50值为0.03 mM,分别为 0.11 mM。我们的结果清楚地表明
没食子酸甲酯和
没食子酸己酯是新型
抗疟药物的有希望的候选者。