代谢
马兜铃酸在口服暴露后被吸收。它们代谢成马兜铃内酰胺,进一步代谢为一种环状的N-酰基亚硝离子,这是一种活性中间体,能与DNA中的嘌呤碱基(腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤)形成加合物(dA-AAI, dG-AAI, dA-AAII, 和 dG-AAII)。许多细胞质和微粒体酶(CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NADPH:CYP还原酶,前列腺素H合酶,DT-双加氧酶,黄嘌呤氧化酶,环氧化酶,以及NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶)能够生物激活马兜铃酸至活性形式。
Aristolochic acids are absorbed after oral exposure. They are metabolized to aristolactams, which are further metabolized to a cyclic N-acylnitrenium ion, a re-active intermediateforming adducts with purine bases (adenine and guanine) in DNA (dA-AAI, dG-AAI, dA-AAII, and dG-AAII). A number of cytosolic and microsomal enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NADPH:CYP reductase, prostaglandin H synthase, DT-diaphorase, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidore-ductase) are capable of bioactivating aristolochic acids to the reactive form.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)