Comparative use of solvent-free KF-A1<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>in acetone in the synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives designed as antimalarial drug candidates
paper we describe two new basic conditions for the synthesis of quinoxaline1,4-dioxidederivatives in moderate to good yields. These conditions, exemplified by the use of K2C03 in acetone or KF/A1203 in the absence of an organic solvent, were reproducible and applicable to the synthesis of 2-(carboethoxy)-3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxidederivatives substituted in position 4 with electron-donating or
在本文中,我们描述了以中等到良好的产率合成喹喔啉1,4-二氧化物衍生物的两个新的基本条件。这些条件下,通过使用的K例举2 C0 3在丙酮或KF / Al 2 0 3在不存在有机溶剂的,是可再现的并且适用于2-(乙氧羰基)-3-苯基喹喔啉的合成1,4-在4位上被给电子或吸电子基团取代的二氧化碳衍生物。
Unexpected Reduction of Ethyl 3-Phenylquinoxaline-2- carboxylate 1,4-Di-N-oxide Derivatives by Amines
The unexpected tendency of amines and functionalized hydrazines to reduceethyl 3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide (1) to afford a quinoxaline 1c andmono-oxide quinoxalines 1a and 1b is described. The experimental conditions werestandardized to the use of two equivalents of amine in ethanol under reflux for two hours,with the aim of studying the distinct reductive profiles of the amines and thechemoselectivity of the process. With the exception of hydrazine hydrate, which reducedcompound 1 to a 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarbohydrazide derivative, the amines only actedas reducing agents.
New series of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide with selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been prepared and evaluated. Thirty-four of the seventy tested compounds showed an MIC value less than 0.2 mu g/mL, a value on the order of the MIC of rifampicin. Furthermore, 45% of the evaluated derivatives showed a good in vitro activity/toxicity ratio. The most active and selective compounds carry a fluorine atom in the quinoxaline 7-position or in the phenyl substituent para-position. In conclusion, the potency, low cytotoxicity and selectivity of these compounds make them valid lead compounds for synthesizing new analogues, particularly compound 7-methyl-3-(4'-fluoro) phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxide (MIC <0.2 mu g/mL and SI > 500). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as antimalarial agents
作者:Esther Vicente、Lidia M. Lima、Emily Bongard、Sarah Charnaud、Raquel Villar、Beatriz Solano、Asunción Burguete、Silvia Perez-Silanes、Ignacio Aldana、Livia Vivas
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.11.024
日期:2008.9
As a continuation of our research and with the aim of obtaining new antimalarial agents, new series of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have been synthesized following the classical Beirut reaction. Antiplasmodial activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum by the incorporation of [H-3]-hypoxanthine. Cytotoxicity was tested in KB cells by AlamarBlue assay. Twenty-one of the 60 compounds that were assayed against 3D7 (CQ-sensitive) showed enough activity to be also evaluated against K1 (CQ-resistant) strain. Ten of them were shown to be more active than chloroquine in the resistant strain. The most interesting compounds are 7-(methyl or methoxy)-3-(4'-fluoro or chloro)phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides because of their low IC50 and their high SI shown for the K1 strain, making them valid new leads. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, trypanocidal activity and docking studies of novel quinoxaline-N-acylhydrazones, designed as cruzain inhibitors candidates
作者:Nelilma C. Romeiro、Gabriela Aguirre、Paola Hernández、Mercedes González、Hugo Cerecetto、Ignacio Aldana、Silvia Pérez-Silanes、Antonio Monge、Eliezer J. Barreiro、Lídia M. Lima
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.065
日期:2009.1
In this paper, we report the structural design, synthesis, trypanocidal activity and docking studies of novel quinoxaline-N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives, planned as cruzain inhibitors candidates, a cysteine protease essential for the survival of Trypanosoma cruzi within the host cell. The salicylaldehyde N-acylhydrazones 7a and 8a presented IC(50) values of the same magnitude order than the standard drug nifurtimox (Nfx), when tested in vitro against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen 2 strain) and were non-toxic at the highest assayed doses rendering selectivity indexes (IC(50) (macrophages)/IC(50) (Trypanosoma cruzi)) of > 25 for 7a and > 20 for 8a, with IC(50) values in macrophages > 400 mu M. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.