Synthesis, and the Adjuvant and Tumor-Suppressive Activities of Quinonyl Muramyl Dipeptides
作者:Shigeru Kobayashi、Tsunehiko Fukuda、Hidefumi Yukimasa、Masahiko Fujino、Ichiro Azuma、Yuichi Yamamura
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.57.3182
日期:1984.11
ω-(1,4-Benzoquinon-2-yl)alkanoic acids, 2-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decyl]-3-hydroxytetracosanoic acid, all-trans-5,9,13,17-tetramethyl-4,8,12,16-octadecatetraenoic acid, and stearic acid were coupled to the 6-O-position of the carbohydrate moiety of muramyl dipeptide alkyl esters, and 6-O-aminoacylmuramyl dipeptide methyl esters. The aminoacyl residues used were Gly, Leu, Ahx, and Aud. New synthetic methods were developed for ω-(1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)alkanoic acids such as 22-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)docosanoic acid, and the α-branched ω-(1,4-benzoquinone-2-yl) β-hydroxy acid, 2-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decyl]-3-hydroxytetracosanoic acid. The effects of the resulting quinonyl, multiprenylacetyl, and stearoylmuramyl dipetides on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ABA-Tyr in guinea pigs and the tumor(meth-A)-suppressive activity in syngeneic BALB/c female mice were measured. The results revealed that all these muramyl-dipeptide derivatives retained the adjuvant activity whereas the potent tumor-suppressive activity was observed only in quinonylmuramyl dipeptides, indicating that the 5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ring is a requisite for the manifestation of the tumor-suppressive activity. The lipophilicity-hydrophilicity balance of the molecule was also important. Among the compounds tested, N-acetyl-6-O-[10-(5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)decanoyl]muramyl-l-valyl-d-isoglutamine methyl ester showed the most potent tumor-suppressive activity. This compound also showed tumor-regressive activity in guinea pigs, and hence is a good candidate for further studies.
ω-(1,4-苯醌-2-基)烷酸、2-[10-(5,6-二甲氧基-3-甲基-1,4-苯并苯醌-2-基)癸基]-3-羟基二十四面酸、全反式-5,9,13,17-四甲基-4,8,12,16-十八碳四烯酸和硬脂酸被偶联到脂质双肽 muramyl dipeptide 的糖部分6-O位置上,形成了6-O-酰氨基muramyl dipeptide甲酯。所使用的酰氨基残基为甘氨酸、亮氨酸、己二酸和叔丁基胺。开发了新的合成方法来制备ω-(1,4-苯醌-2-基)烷酸,如22-(5,6-二甲氧基-3-甲基-1,4-苯醌-2-基)二十二酸,以及α-分支的ω-(1,4-苯醌-2-基)β-羟基酸,即2-[10-(5,6-二甲氧基-3-甲基-1,4-苯醌-2-基)癸基]-3-羟基二十四酸。测定了这些醌基、多烯丙基乙酰基和硬脂酰基muramyl dipeptide在诱导豚鼠对ABA-酪氨酸迟发型超敏反应和抑制同系BALB/c雌性小鼠肿瘤(meth-A)活性中的作用。结果表明,所有这些muramyl dipeptide衍生物都保留了佐剂活性,而只有醌基muramyl dipeptides显示出较强的肿瘤抑制活性,表明5,6-二甲氧基-3-甲基-1,4-苯醌环对于显现肿瘤抑制活性是必需的。分子的亲脂性-亲水性平衡也很重要。在所测试的化合物中,N-乙酰基-6-O-[10-(5,6-二甲氧基-3-甲基-1,4-苯醌-2-基)癸酰基]muramyl-l-缬氨酸-d-异谷氨酰胺甲酯显示出最强的肿瘤抑制活性。该化合物在豚鼠中也显示出肿瘤退缩活性,因此是一个有前景的研究候选物。