曲西瑞宾是一种小分子DNA合成抑制剂。它能抑制Akt的IC50为130nM,并且对HIV-1的IC50为20 nM,但不对PI3K/PDK1产生抑制作用;在缺乏腺苷激酶的细胞中活性降低约5000倍。低浓度下曲西瑞宾表现出抗病毒和抗癌活性,能够有效抑制高表达Akt的移植瘤小鼠中的肿瘤生长,并降低高度Akt磷酸化的黑素瘤细胞存活率,增强ad-PUMA介导的抑制肿瘤作用。另外,在与ad-PUMA联合使用时,显著抑制体内人黑素瘤的生长。曲西瑞宾已应用于II期临床试验治疗黑素瘤患者。
近日美国研究发现,抗癌药曲西瑞宾能够延缓或逆转致死性肺纤维化和肺动脉高压病。
物理性质曲西瑞宾(代号:MK-2206)是一种强效、高特异性的非ATP竞争结合的Akt变构抑制剂,作用于Akt1, 2, 3的IC50分别是5.3 nM, 12 nM, 和65 nM。在临床前实验中,MK-2206展现广泛抗肿瘤活性,并与分子靶向药物如厄洛替尼或拉帕替尼联合使用能够协同性抑制人肿瘤细胞系的体外增殖。此外,在肺癌NCI-H460或卵巢癌A2780细胞内,MK-2206与拓扑异构酶抑制剂阿霉素、喜树碱,抗代谢药gemcitabine和5-氟脲嘧啶,抗微管药docetaxel以及DNA交联剂carboplatin等联合使用时表现出协同反应。体内实验中,MK-2206与上述药物联用显著增强抗肿瘤效果,并表现出良好的耐受性,即使剂量高达60mg QOD(血浆药物浓度)。另外,处理人神经胶质瘤细胞系LN229和T98G后,曲西瑞宾诱导了稳定且浓度依赖的自噬活性。
作用靶点近日,乔治亚大学的研究人员发现抗肿瘤药物曲西瑞宾能够延缓或逆转致命的肺纤维化和肺动脉高压。这些疾病是血流动力学和病理生理状态的异常表现。
在该项研究中,研究人员通过小鼠模型模拟人类肺部的纤维化与肺动脉高压,并评估了曲西瑞宾的作用。之前的研究表明,曲西瑞宾能够抑制Akt1蛋白的产生。Akt1对于肌成纤维细胞的部分发育至关重要,这些细胞会迁移到损伤部位促进修复,但若失调会导致瘢痕形成和功能性血管系统受损。
研究人员每天注射一次曲西瑞宾给患病小鼠,并观察到肺部疤痕特征及肺血管系统损失均显著缓解,部分小鼠的肺功能恢复至正常。进一步实验中,通过敲除Akt1途径的小鼠发现,缺乏Akt1的小鼠未表现出任何纤维化或高压症状,这验证了Akt1在此两种疾病中的关键作用。
然而,研究者指出这项研究仅为初步结果,未来仍需更多研究来评估曲西瑞宾对肺纤维化和肺动脉高压患者的效果。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 4-(N-methyl-hydrazino)-7-β-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 35943-36-3 | C13H16N6O4 | 320.308 |
—— | 4-(1-methylhydrazino)-5-cyano-7-[(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl)-β-D-ribofuranosyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 699011-59-1 | C34H28N6O7 | 632.632 |
—— | 6-bromo-5-cyano-4-(1-methylhydrazino)-7-[2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 699011-58-0 | C34H27BrN6O7 | 711.528 |
—— | 6-bromo-4-chloro-5-cyano-7-[2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 699011-57-9 | C33H22BrClN4O7 | 701.917 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 6-amino-4-methyl-8-[5-valyl-(3-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C18H25N7O5 | 419.44 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[5'-O-L-valyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-27-2 | C18H25N7O5 | 419.44 |
—— | 6-acetamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C15H18N6O5 | 362.345 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-propionylamido-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C16H20N6O5 | 376.372 |
—— | 6-isobutyrylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C17H22N6O5 | 390.399 |
—— | 6-butyrylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C17H22N6O5 | 390.399 |
—— | 6-benzoylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C20H20N6O5 | 424.416 |
—— | 4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-trimethylacetylamidopyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C18H24N6O5 | 404.426 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-pentanoylamido-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C18H24N6O5 | 404.426 |
—— | 6-dodecanoylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C25H38N6O5 | 502.614 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-octanoylamido-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C21H30N6O5 | 446.506 |
—— | 6-decanoylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C23H34N6O5 | 474.56 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-nonanoylamido-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C22H32N6O5 | 460.533 |
—— | 6-heptanoylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C20H28N6O5 | 432.48 |
—— | 6-hexanoylamido-4-methyl-8-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine | —— | C19H26N6O5 | 418.453 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[2',3-O'-dilevylinyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-37-4 | C23H28N6O8 | 516.511 |
—— | [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(5-amino-7-methyl-2,6,7,9,11-pentazatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(12),3,5,8,10-pentaen-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (2S)-3-methyl-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]butanoate | 1065474-28-3 | C23H33N7O7 | 519.558 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[5'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2',3'-O-dilevylinyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-35-2 | C29H42N6O8Si | 630.773 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[2',3'-O-dilevylinyl-5'-O-N-boc-L-valyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-59-0 | C33H45N7O11 | 715.761 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[5'-O-(phenylphosphoryl (P->N)-L-methyl ester valine)-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-31-8 | C25H32N7O8P | 589.545 |
—— | 4-methyl-6-amino-8-[5'-O-(phenylphosphoryl (P->N)-L-valine methyl ester)-2',3'-O-dilevylinyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyrrolo[4,3,2-d]pyrimidino[4,5-c]pyridazine | 1065474-61-4 | C35H44N7O12P | 785.748 |
非维匹仑 | fevipiprant | 872365-14-5 | C19H17F3N2O4S | 426.416 |