menaquinol | 39776-47-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: menaquinol
• 英文别名: Menaquinol-7；2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyloctacosa-2,6,10,14,18,22,26-heptaenyl]-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-diol
• CAS: 39776-47-1
• 化学式: C₄₆H₆₆O₂
• 分子量: 651.029
• InChiKey: VFGNPJRRTKMYKN-LJWNYQGCSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  15.9
• 重原子数：
  48
• 可旋转键数：
  20
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.48
• 拓扑面积：
  40.5
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  betulaprenol 6 在 正丁基锂 、 二氯二茂锆 、 溶剂黄146 、 锌 、 三氯化磷 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 生成 menaquinol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Menaquinol Compositions and Methods of Treatment

  摘要：

  本申请公开了一种高纯度Formula I化合物的高效制备方法，以及它们的使用方法。

  公开号：

  US20200079718A1

文献信息

• [EN] PRODRUGS OF VITAMINE K<br/>[FR] PROMÉDICAMENTS À BASE DE VITAMINE K
  申请人：KAPPA BIOSCIENCE AS

  公开号：WO2013128037A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-09-06

  The invention relates to prodrugs of vitamin K2, in particular prodrugs of MK-7 in which the diketone is converted to a monosubstituted or disubstituted ester type derivative. These compounds are shown to give MK-7 in plasma.

  这项发明涉及维生素K2的前药，特别是MK-7的前药，其中二酮被转化为单取代或双取代酯类衍生物。这些化合物被证明在血浆中产生MK-7。
• PRODRUGS OF VITAMINE K
  申请人：KAPPA BIOSCIENCE AS

  公开号：US20150031651A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-01-29

  The invention relates to prodrugs of vitamin K2, in particular prodrugs of MK-7 in which the diketone is converted to a monosubstituted or disubstituted ester type derivative. These compounds are shown to give MK-7 in plasma.

  这项发明涉及维生素K2的前药，特别是MK-7的前药，其中二酮被转化为单取代或双取代酯类衍生物。这些化合物被证明在血浆中产生MK-7。
• COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VITAMIN K DERIVATIVES AND SALTS
  申请人：KAPPA BIOSCIENCE AS

  公开号：US20160184254A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-06-30

  This application relates to new formulations of vitamin K1 and K2 provitamins. These formulations can be used as nutraceuticals, e.g. for the fortification of foods or simply in supplements or can be used in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of a variety of conditions known to benefit from the administration of vitamin K1 and K2.

  本申请涉及新的维生素K1和K2前维生素的配方。这些配方可以用作营养保健品，例如用于强化食品或仅仅是补充剂，也可以用于制药，治疗多种已知可从维生素K1和K2的治疗中获益的疾病。
• Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms
  作者：R Meganathan

  DOI：10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10831.x

  日期：2001.9

  The quinoid nucleus of the benzoquinone, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q; Q), is derived from the shikimate pathway in bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. Ubiquinone is not considered a vitamin since mammals synthesize it from the essential amino acid tyrosine. Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria derive the 4-hydroxybenzoate required for the biosynthesis of Q directly from chorismate. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can either form 4-hydroxybenzoate from chorismate or tyrosine. However, unlike mammals, S. cerevisiae synthesizes tyrosine in vivo by the shikimate pathway. While the reactions of the pathway leading from 4-hydroxybenzoate to Q are the same in both organisms the order in which they occur differs. The 4-hydroxybenzoate undergoes a prenylation, a decarboxylation and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylation reactions, resulting in the formation of Q. The methyl groups for the methylation reactions are derived from S-adenosylmethionine. While the prenyl side chain is formed by the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (non-mevalonate) pathway in E. coli, it is formed by the mevalonate pathway in the yeast.

  苯醌的喹啉核，即泛醌（辅酶Q；Q），来源于细菌和真核微生物中的黄嘌呤代谢途径。泛醌并非维生素，因为哺乳动物从必需氨基酸酪氨酸中合成它。大肠杆菌和其他革兰氏阴性细菌直接从蝶呤中获取生物合成Q所需的4-羟基苯甲酸。酿酒酵母菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）可以从蝶呤或酪氨酸中形成4-羟基苯甲酸。然而，与哺乳动物不同，酿酒酵母菌通过黄嘌呤代谢途径在体内合成酪氨酸。虽然从4-羟基苯甲酸到Q的途径反应在两种生物中是相同的，但发生顺序不同。4-羟基苯甲酸经历一个异戊二烯化、一个脱羧和三个羟基化反应，与三个甲基化反应交替进行，最终形成Q。甲基化反应的甲基来自S-腺苷甲硫氨酸。虽然异戊二烯侧链在大肠杆菌中通过2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇4-磷酸（非甲基戊二酸）途径形成，但在酵母菌中通过甲基戊二酸途径形成。
• Regulatory Loop between Redox Sensing of the NADH/NAD ⁺ Ratio by Rex (YdiH) and Oxidation of NADH by NADH Dehydrogenase Ndh in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
  作者：Smita Gyan、Yoshihiko Shiohira、Ichiro Sato、Michio Takeuchi、Tsutomu Sato

  DOI：10.1128/jb.00601-06

  日期：2006.10

  NADH dehydrogenase is a key component of the respiratory chain. It catalyzes the oxidation of NADH by transferring electrons to ubiquinone and establishes a proton motive force across the cell membrane. The yjlD (renamed ndh ) gene of Bacillus subtilis is predicted to encode an enzyme similar to the NADH dehydrogenase II of Escherichia coli , encoded by the ndh gene. We have shown that the yjlC-ndh operon is negatively regulated by YdiH (renamed Rex), a homolog of Rex in Streptomyces coelicolor , and a redox-sensing transcriptional regulator that responds to the NADH/NAD ⁺ ratio. The ndh gene regulates expression of the yjlC-ndh operon, as indicated by the fact that mutation in ndh causes a higher NADH/NAD ⁺ ratio. An in vitro study showed that Rex binds to the downstream region of the yjlC-ndh promoter and that NAD ⁺ enhances the binding of Rex to the putative Rex-binding sites in the yjlC-ndh operon as well as in the cydABCD operon. These results indicated that Rex and Ndh together form a regulatory loop which functions to prevent a large fluctuation in the NADH/NAD ⁺ ratio in B. subtilis .

  摘要 NADH 脱氢酶是呼吸链的关键组成部分。它通过将电子转移到泛醌来催化 NADH 的氧化，并在细胞膜上形成质子动力。其 yjlD （改名为 ndh )基因 枯草芽孢杆菌的 基因被预测编码一种类似于 大肠杆菌 编码的 ndh 基因编码的 NADH 脱氢酶 II 相似。我们已经证明 yjlC-ndh 操作子受到 YdiH（改名为 Rex）的负调控。 Rex 的同源物 和一个氧化还原感应转录调控因子对 NADH/NAD + 比率作出反应。该 ndh 基因调控 yjlC-ndh 操作子的表达。 ndh 基因突变会导致更高的 NADH/NAD + 比率。一项体外研究表明，Rex 与 yjlC-ndh 启动子的下游区域结合，NAD + 能增强 Rex 与 yjlC-ndh 启动子中的假定 Rex 结合位点的结合。 yjlC-ndh 操作子以及 cydABCD 操作子中的假定 Rex 结合位点。这些结果表明，Rex 和 Ndh 共同形成了一个调控环，其功能是防止 NADH/NAD + 比率的大幅波动。 枯草芽孢杆菌 .