Polycrystalline materials containing crystallies of precursors to electrically conductive polymers and electrically conductive polymers are described which have an adjustable high degree of crystallinity. The intersticial regions between the crystallites contains amorphous material containing precursors to electrically conductive polymers and/or electrically conductive polymers. The degree of crystallinity is achieved by preparing the materials under conditions which provide a high degree of mobility to the polymer molecules permitting them to associate with one another to form a crystalline state. This is preferable achieved by including additives, such as plasticizers and diluents, to the solution from which the polycrystalline material is formed. The morphology of the polycrystalline material is adjustable to modify the properties of the material such as the degree of crystallinity, crystal grain size, glass transition temperature, thermal coefficient of expansion and degree of electrical conductivity. High levels of electrical conductivity are achieved in in the electrically conductive polycrystalline materials without stretch orienting the material. The enhanced electrical conductivity is isotropic as compared to a stretch oriented film which has isotropic electrical conductivity. In the preferred embodiment, additives are added to a solution containing a solvent and the precursor or electrically conductive polymer. The additives are preferably plasticizer or diluents. As the solvent is removed the material dries and contains a higher degree of crystallinity than in the absence of the additive.
所述多晶材料含有导电聚合物和导电聚合物前体的结晶体,具有可调节的高结晶度。结晶体之间的间隙区域含有导电聚合物和/或导电聚合物前体的无定形材料。结晶度是在聚合物分子具有高度流动性的条件下制备的,这种流动性允许聚合物分子相互结合形成结晶状态。最好在形成多晶材料的溶液中加入添加剂,如
增塑剂和稀释剂。多晶材料的形态可以调整,以改变材料的特性,如结晶度、晶粒大小、
玻璃化温度、热膨胀系数和导电率。导电多晶材料无需拉伸取向就能实现高
水平的导电性。与具有各向同性导电性的拉伸取向薄膜相比,增强的导电性是各向同性的。在优选实施方案中,添加剂被添加到含有溶剂和前体或导电聚合物的溶液中。添加剂最好是
增塑剂或稀释剂。除去溶剂后,材料变干,结晶度比没有添加剂时更高。