Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/
Symptomatology: 1A) Inhalation, high vapor concn: gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain, & extreme respiratory distress at vapor concn over 1500 ppm. Irritation of eyes & upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Lacrimation & headache are prominent. Coma may occur rapidly. B) Inhalation, low vapor concn: central nervous depression & moderate irritation of respiratory system. Headache is frequent. 2) Dermal: severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis & underlying tissues. 3) Oral: acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion & edema. Central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. 4) By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys & heart. 5) After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest & abdominal discomfort & irritability have been reported to persist for several weeks & perhaps for several years.
Process facilitating the regeneration of a catalyst based on a zeolite used in an acylation reaction, catalyst and use
申请人:——
公开号:US20020120169A1
公开(公告)日:2002-08-29
The present invention relates to a process facilitating the regeneration of a catalyst based on a zeolite, employed in an acylation reaction.
Another subject of the invention is a process for acylation of an aromatic ether, comprising, in a preferred alternative form, an additional stage of regeneration of the catalyst.
The process of the invention, which makes it possible to regenerate more easily a catalyst based on a zeolite, employed in an acylation reaction, is characterized in that the zeolite is modified by addition of an effective quantity of at least one metallic element M chosen from the elements of group 8 of the Periodic Classification of the elements.
Preparation of Mono-/Difluorinated Hydrocarbon Compounds
申请人:Saint-Jalmes Laurent
公开号:US20090234151A1
公开(公告)日:2009-09-17
Mono- or difluorinated hydrocarbon compounds are prepared from an alcohol or a carbonylated compound by reacting one of these with a fluorinating reagent, optionally in the presence of a base, the fluorinating agent comprising a pyridinium reactant having the following formula (F), wherein R
0
is an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical:
A compound represented by the formula:
wherein Ar represents a group represented by the formula:
(wherein Y represents methylene or an oxygen atom, R
1
represents aminosulfonyl, C
1-6
alkylaminosulfonyl, C
1-6
alkylcarbonylamino or C
1-6
alkylsulfonylamino, R
2
represents a hydrogen atom or C
1-6
alkyl, R
3
represents C
1-6
alkyl, and R
4
represents a hydrogen atom or C
1-6
alkyl); X represents a carbonyl group, or a methylene group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group; and L represents an optionally substituted C
4-5
alkylene group, or a salt thereof is provided.
Bromochlorination of Alkenes with Dichlorobromate (1−) Ion. IV. Regiochemistry of Bromochlorinations of Alkenes with Molecular Bromine Chloride and Dichlorobromate (1−) Ion
作者:Takeshi Negoro、Yoshitsugu Ikeda
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.59.2547
日期:1986.8
The regioselectivity of the addition of molecular bromine chloride to alkenes is dependent on both the steric and electronic effects of the alkyl substituent. In contrast, the regioselectivity of the addition of dichlorobromate (1−) ion to alkenes is controlled mainly by the steric effect of the substituent.
The present invention relates to monosubstituted oxalic acid amides of the general formula (I)
[A]+ [O-C(O)-C(O)-X]- (I)
wherein the meaning is for
[A]+ a cation made from an organic moiety A having a formally positively charged heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and
X is the group -NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are the same or different and are independently from each other hydrogen or a C1 to C30 organic residue with the proviso that at least one of Ra and Rb is a C1 to C30 organic residue.