IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Butene is a colorless gas. It is is used for the production of a wide variety of chemicals in the gasoline and rubber processing areas. Most 1-butene is used as a comonomer for linear low-density polyethylene, which contains up to 10%. However, 1-butene is also used as a comonomer for modifying high-density polyethylene, which contains up to 4%. HUMAN STUDIES: 1-Butene is a simple asphyxiant and may be a CNS depressant in high concentrations. It has a low acute toxicity and is mildly irritating to the eye. On direct eye and skin contact liquid butene can cause burns and frostbite. The treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) for 24 hr resulted in an increase of DNA damage. HL60 cells were more resistant than PBMCs to the DNA damage. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposure to 1-butene at target concentrations of 500, 2000, 8000 ppm (approximately 1147, 4589, 18359 mg/cu m) did not induce systemic toxicity in male and female rats exposed for 28 days or in pregnant female rats exposed for 14 days pre-mating, through mating and gestation to day 19. There were no treatment-related effects on the development of pups. As an anesthetic, it is 4.5 times more potent than ethylene. Exposure of mice to concentrations of 15% butene resulted in reversible signs of incoordination, confusion, and hyperexcitability; at 20% deep anesthesia in 8 to 15 min, with subsequent respiratory failure in 2 hr; and at 30% in 2 to 4 min and 40 min, respectively. A concentration of 40% resulted in profound anesthesia in 30 sec, with no CNS symptoms but with death in 10 to 15 min. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Tomato: epinasty in petiole: 50,000 ppm, 2 days.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
窒息。
Suffocation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
皮肤症状
接触液体时:冻伤。
ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
接触液体时:冻伤。
ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
The absorption, distribution, elimination, hemoglobin adduct formation and DNA adduct formation of individual C2-C8 1-alkenes was studied in the rat after exposure to 300 ppm (688mg/cu m), 12 hr a day for 3 consecutive days. The concentrations of the alkenes were measured in blood, lung, brain, liver, kidney and peri-renal fat immediately after each exposure and 12 hr after the third exposure. DNA adducts were determined by (32)P-postlabeling in liver. Hemoglobin adducts were determined in erythrocytes by GC/MS and GC/MS/MS. Concentrations of 1-alkenes in blood and organs reached a steady-state level after the first 12 hr exposure, and the concentrations 12 hr after the last exposure were generally low, except in fat. Concentrations of 1-alkenes in blood and the different tissues increased with increasing number of carbon atoms. However, DNA adducts and hemoglobin adducts decreased with increasing number of carbon atoms with the most pronounced decrease being from C2 to C3. The decrease in hemoglobin adducts was more pronounced than DNA adducts. All 1-alkenes caused formation of detectable levels of hemoglobin and DNA adducts, although the levels of hemoglobin adducts after C4-C8 exposure were low. These results also indicate that extrapolation within the homologous series is possible. /1-Alkenes/
Facile, Catalytic Dehydrocoupling of Phosphines Using β‐Diketiminate Iron(II) Complexes
作者:Andrew K. King、Antoine Buchard、Mary F. Mahon、Ruth L. Webster
DOI:10.1002/chem.201503399
日期:2015.11.2
Catalytic dehydrocoupling of primary and secondary phosphines has been achieved for the first time using an iron pre‐catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and is successful with a range of diarylphosphines. A proton acceptor is not needed for the transformation to take place, but addition of 1‐hexene does allow for turnover at 50 °C. The catalytic system developed also facilitates
NiH‐Catalyzed Migratory Defluorinative Olefin Cross‐Coupling: Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Alkenes as Acceptor Olefins to Form
<i>gem</i>
‐Difluoroalkenes
a NiH-catalyzed migratory defluorinative coupling between two electronically differentiated olefins. A broad range of unactivated donor olefins can be joined directly to acceptor olefins containing an electron-deficient trifluoromethyl substituent in both intra- and intermolecular fashion to form gem-difluoroalkenes. This migratory coupling shows both site- and chemoselectivity under mild conditions
Iron-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes
作者:Biao Cheng、Wenbo Liu、Zhan Lu
DOI:10.1021/jacs.8b01638
日期:2018.4.18
The iron-catalyzed highly Markovnikov-type selective and enantioselective hydrosilylation of terminal aliphatic alkenes with good functional group tolerance is developed. This operationally simple protocol uses earth-abundant transition metal catalyst, readily available aliphatic alkenes and hydrosilanes to construct valuable chiral organosilanes with better than 99% ee in most cases. The chiral aliphatic
n of alkenes with anilines has been developed for the atom-economical synthesis of 2-substituted propanamides bearing an α-stereocenter. A novel phosphoramidite ligand L16 was discovered which exhibited very high reactivity and selectivity in the reaction. This asymmetric Markovnikov hydroaminocarbonylation employs readily available starting materials and tolerates a wide range of functional groups
Chemical conversions using sheet silicates: novel intermolecular dehydrations of alcohols to ethers and polymers
作者:James A. Ballantine、Mary Davies、Howard Purnell、Mongkon Rayanakorn、John M. Thomas、Kevin J. Williams
DOI:10.1039/c39810000427
日期:——
Aliphatic primary alcohols, when intercalated in certain ion-exchanged montmorillonites, react preferentially via an intermolecular nucleophilic displacement of water to give high yields of di-(alk-1-yl) ethers, rather than the competitive intramolecular dehydration to alkenes; an essentially similar process yields polymeric material, poly(phenylenemethylene), from benzyl alcohol, but aliphatic secondary