Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)
Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A4;不能分类为人类致癌物。/锡,有机化合物,作为Sn/
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Tin, organic cmpd, as Sn/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308)
WITHIN 1 HR AFTER IV INJECTION OF 20 UMOL DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, RATS EXCRETED IN THE BILE 2X10-5 MOL ORGANOTIN/L. THE BILE/PLASMA QUOTIENT WAS 151:1 WHICH INDICATES AN ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF DIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE FROM LIVER TO THE BILE. BIOTRANSFORMATION WAS NOT INVOLVED IN THE EXCRETION.
AFTER INJECTION OF DIBUTYL- & DIETHYLTIN COMPOUNDS, HIGHEST CONCENTRATIONS WERE FOUND IN LIVER & KIDNEY OF MICE & RATS. /DIBUTYL- AND DIETHYLTIN COMPOUNDS/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, a stereoisomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a polymorph, a prodrug, an isotope, or a co-crystal thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (I) wherein A, R1, and R2are as defined in the description and claims. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the invention, and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. The present invention also relates to the present compounds for use as a medicine and/or as diagnostics. The present invention also relates to the present compounds for use in the prevention and/or treatment of GPR17 mediated disorders, such as for example a disorder or syndrome selected from a myelination disorder and a disorder or syndrome associated with brain tissue damage.
Disclosed herein are substituted indole cysteinyl leukotriene receptor modulators of Formula I, process of preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.
Anion interaction with homoditopic chlorodiorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes derived from a naphthalene diimide. A pathway to obtain metallomacrocycles
triorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate] complexesderivedfrom naphthalene diimide (NDI) with general formula NDI-[(CH2)2-N(CH2Ph)(CS2SnR2X)]2, 3: R = n-Bu, X = Cl; 4: R = Me, X = Cl; 5: R = Ph, X = Cl; 6: R = X = Me; were prepared from triethylammonium ((1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(benzylcarbamodithioate) 2. All compounds were characterized
Zur Synthese und Pyrolyse von Organoelement-benzasolderivaten des Phosphors, Arsens, Siliciums und Zinns
作者:Joachim Heinicke
DOI:10.1016/0022-328x(89)87152-9
日期:1989.4
3-Organo-1,3-benzazaphospholes and -benzazarsoles as well as 3,3-disubstituted 1,3-benzazasiloles and -benzazastannoles are prepared from o-LiC6H6NC(Li)But and the relevant organoelement dichlorides. The heterocycles obtained are converted by flash vacuum pyrolysis into the aromatic 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes and benzazarsoles, respectively.
3-有机-1,3- benzazaphospholes和-benzazarsoles以及3,3-二取代的1,3- benzazasiloles和-benzazastannoles从制备ø -LiC 6 ħ 6 NC(Li)的卜吨和有关有机元素基氯化物。通过闪蒸真空热解法将获得的杂环分别转化为芳族1 H -1,3-苯并zaphooles和苯扎那唑。
119Sn mössbauer, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic and thermal decomposition studies on organotin(IV) adducts with glycylglycine
作者:Lorenzo Pellerito、M.Teresa Lo Giudice、G.C. Stocco、John D. Donaldson、Susan M. Grimes、Peter J. Smith
DOI:10.1016/s0277-5387(00)86692-9
日期:1985.1
The complexes R2SnCl2·(H2glygly), (H2glygly = glycylglycine) (R = Me, Bun, Octn, Ph) and RSnCl3·(H2glygly)
Organotin Dithiocarbamates: Single-Source Precursors for Tin Sulfide Thin Films by Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD)
作者:Karthik Ramasamy、Vladimir L. Kuznetsov、Kandasamy Gopal、Mohammad A. Malik、James Raftery、Peter P. Edwards、Paul O’Brien
DOI:10.1021/cm301660n
日期:2013.2.12
between 195 °C and 325 °C. Complexes 1–4 were used as single-source precursors for the deposition of SnS thinfilms by aerosol-assistedchemical vapor deposition (AACVD) at temperatures from 400 °C to 530 °C. Orthorhombic SnS thinfilms were deposited from all four complexes at all deposition temperatures. The films were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), Raman spectroscopy
一系列的二硫代氨基甲酸盐[Sn(C 4 H 9)2(S 2 CN(RR')2)2 ](R,R'=乙基(1); R =甲基,R'=丁基(2) ; R,R'=丁基(3); R =甲基,R'=己基(4);以及[Sn(C 6 H 5)2(S 2 CN(RR')2)2 ](R,R' =乙基(5); R =甲基,R′=丁基(6); R,R′=丁基(7); R =甲基,R′=己基(8))合成。的单晶X射线结构2,3,和8进行了测定。热重量分析(TGA)显示出对络合物单步分解1,3,及5 - 8,和双分解步的复合物2和4和325之间195℃℃。复杂1 – 4在400°C至530°C的温度下,它们用作通过气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积(AACVD)沉积SnS薄膜的单源前驱体。在所有沉积温度下,从所有四个络合物沉积正交晶SnS薄膜。膜的特征在于紫外可见光谱,粉末X射线衍射(p-XRD),拉曼光谱,扫描电子显微镜(SE