Plasmin-activated prodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidylacivicin and peptidylphenylenediamine mustard
摘要:
Many tumors contain elevated levels of plasminogen activator and thus produce elevated levels of the protease plasmin in the milieu of the tumor. We have hypothesized, therefore, that it should be possible to prepare peptidyl prodrug derivatives of anticancer drugs that would be locally activated by tumor-associated plasmin. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we synthesized the peptidyl prodrugs of the anticancer drugs (alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (acivicin, AT-125) and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-phenylenediamine (phenylenediamine mustard) by mixed anhydride coupling of the parent drug with the protected tripeptide, Boc-D-Val-Leu-Lys(Boc)-OH, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The prodrugs showed an increased selective in vitro cytotoxicity for Rous sarcoma virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (which produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator) compared to nontransformed fibroblasts (which produce low levels of plasminogen activator). In the presence of the plasmin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate at 2 micrograms/mL, the selectivity of the phenylenediamine mustard prodrug was reduced, but there was no effect on the cytotoxicity of the free drug. Furthermore, the prodrug analogue D-valylleucyl-D-lysylphenylenediamine mustard (in which L-Lys has been replaced by D-Lys) was inactive. Finally, the prodrug derivative of acivicin did not display selective toxicity for transformed cells when the cells were cultured in plasminogen-free medium. These results suggest that plasmin hydrolysis is necessary for the activation of the prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested in vivo for antitumor activity. The prodrug of acivicin, like acivicin itself, was inactive against the B16 melanoma, a murine tumor that produces high levels of plasminogen activator. This prodrug was active against the M5076 carcinoma, a tumor that displays only moderate levels of plasminogen activator; however, despite the fact that the prodrug was 2- to 3-fold less toxic on a molar basis than acivicin, there was no evidence of an increased therapeutic index. The prodrug of phenylenediamine mustard was also slightly less toxic than the parent drug, but again there was no evidence for an improved therapeutic index against the B16 tumor.
The present application relates to compounds of Formula (I) and salts thereof. The compounds of Formula (I) have antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. The present application also relates to compositions comprising the compounds of Formula (I) or salts thereof, methods of treating or preventing bacterial infections using the compounds of Formula (I) or salts thereof, and methods of inhibiting biofilm formation using the compounds of Formula (I) or salts thereof.
Novel antibacterial peptidomimetics that inhibit the growth of planktonic cells and reduce biofilm formation in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
新型拟肽抗菌剂,可抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的浮游细胞生长并减少生物膜的形成。
Analogs of Eu3+ DOTAM-Gly-Phe-OH and Tm3+ DOTAM-Gly-Lys-OH: Synthesis and magnetic properties of potential PARACEST MRI contrast agents
PARACEST agents. Two compounds possessed interesting magnetic properties: the Eu(3+) complex of DOTAM-Gly-Phe-OH and the Tm(3+) complex of DOTAM-Gly-Lys-OH. To understand the relationship between the structure of these complexes and their magnetic properties, we have expanded our synthetic methodology and prepared several new complexes. Ligands have been prepared in which the terminal phenylalanine
Binaphthyl-Based Dicationic Peptoids with Therapeutic Potential
作者:John B. Bremner、Paul A. Keller、Stephen G. Pyne、Timothy P. Boyle、Zinka Brkic、Dorothy M. David、Adel Garas、Jody Morgan、Mark Robertson、Kittiya Somphol、Michael H. Miller、Adam S. Howe、Paul Ambrose、Sujata Bhavnani、Thomas R. Fritsche、Douglas J. Biedenbach、Ronald N. Jones、Robert W. Buckheit、Karen M. Watson、Dean Baylis、Jonathan A. Coates、John Deadman、Dharshini Jeevarajah、Andrea McCracken、David I. Rhodes
DOI:10.1002/anie.200904392
日期:2010.1.12
Superbugs stalled! Two newly designed synthetic dicationicpeptoids (see one example; red O, blue N, green Cl) show promising in vitro bactericidal activity against a range of Gram‐positive pathogens, including organisms resistant to vancomycin, methicillin, and linezolid, with only slow development of resistance. Moreover their potency is maintained in vivo.
[EN] FOLATE CONJUGATES OF ALBUMIN-BINDING ENTITIES<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉS AVEC DES FOLATES D'ENTITÉS DE LIAISON DE L'ALBUMINE
申请人:MERCK & CIE
公开号:WO2013024035A1
公开(公告)日:2013-02-21
The present invention is directed towards new trifunctional folate-conjugates comprising a folate, an albumin binder and a radionuclide-based therapeutic or diagnostic moiety as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, their method of production and their use in diagnostic and therapeutic medical applications, such as diagnostic nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy.