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二氯乙炔 | 7572-29-4

中文名称
二氯乙炔
中文别名
——
英文名称
dichloroethyne
英文别名
dichloroacetylene;1,2-dichloroethyne
二氯乙炔化学式
CAS
7572-29-4
化学式
C2Cl2
mdl
——
分子量
94.928
InChiKey
ZMJOVJSTYLQINE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -126°C
  • 密度:
    1.2610
  • 物理描述:
    Volatile oil with a disagreeable, sweetish odor. Mp: -68 to -65°C; bp: 32-34°C. Density: 1.38 g cm-3. Is not produced commercially.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless oil
  • 气味:
    Disagreeable, sweetish odor
  • 沸点:
    33.0 °C
  • 溶解度:
    Insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether and acetone
  • 蒸汽密度:
    Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.3
  • 蒸汽压力:
    570 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Estimated/
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    Fireproof. Separated from strong acids and oxidants. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.
  • 分解:
    When dichloroacetylene was decomposed in the presence of oxygen, seven substances were found; phosgene, hexachlorobutadiene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroacetyl chloride, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroacryloylchloride.
  • 保留指数:
    491

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.3
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
在大鼠吸入二氯乙炔后,已经显示了谷胱甘肽结合。...S-(1,2-二氯乙烯)谷胱甘肽(DCVG)被识别为谷胱甘肽(GSH)依赖性代谢的产物/二氯乙炔/(DCA)在体外和...N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯)-L-半胱氨酸(N-Ac-DCVC)被识别为大鼠DCA的尿液代谢物。通过H-NMR光谱(400 MHz)、质谱和紫外光谱明确识别了产物DCVG。经过酯化后,通过GC/MS识别N-Ac-DCVC为大鼠的尿液代谢物。将雄性大鼠暴露于36±5 ppm DCA(将100 mmol的DCA引入暴露系统)1小时后,收集的尿液(收集24小时)中含有10.7 mmol的N-Ac-DCVC,通过HPLC分析确定。DCVG的形成、肾脏处理成S-(1,2-二氯乙烯)-L-半胱氨酸,以及肾脏中胱氨酸S-结合酶裂解这种半胱氨酸S-结合物,并形成反应性和致突变中间体,可能解释了DCA的肾毒性和肾致癌性。N-Ac-CDVC是DCVG通过巯基尿酸形成酶处理的最终产物。
Glutathione conjugation has been shown in rats following inhalation of dichloroacetylene. ...S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) /was identified/ as a product of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent metabolism of /dichloroacetylene/ (DCA) in vitro and ...N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (N-Ac-DCVC) /was identified/ as a urinary metabolite of DCA in rats. The product, DCVG, was definitively identified by H-NMR spectrometry (400 MHz), mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy. N-Ac-DCVC was identified as a urinary metabolite from rats by GC/MS after esterification. Urine (collected for 24 hr) from male rats exposed to 36 n 5 ppm DCA (100 mmol of DCA introduced into the exposure system) for 1 hr contained 10.7 mmol of N-Ac-DCVC as determined by HPLC analysis. Formation of DCVG, renal processing to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, and cleavage of this cysteine S-conjugate by cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase in the kidney and the formation of reactive and mutagenic intermediates may account for DCA nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity. N-Ac-CDVC is the end product of DCVG processing by the enzymes of mercapturic acid formation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
尿液中的代谢物被鉴定为N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸、二氯乙醇、二氯乙酸、草酸和氯乙酸(在大鼠吸入暴露后)。只有在粪便中发现了半胱氨酸结合物。它是在肾脏形成的,因为只有在胆汁中发现了S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)谷胱甘肽。胆汁插管并没有影响肾脏对半胱氨酸结合物的排泄。/从这项研究中,可以得出结论/...二氯乙炔代谢中有两个代谢途径在体内起作用。细胞色素P450依赖性氧化代表了一个较小的途径,负责在氯迁移后形成1,1-二氯化合物。主要的途径是有毒谷胱甘肽结合物的生物合成。二氯乙炔(乙炔二氯)的器官特异性毒性和致癌性最可能归因于γ-谷氨酰转肽酶的地理分布,这种酶在大鼠的肾脏中浓度较高。
Metabolites in the urine were identified as N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, dichloroethanol, dichloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, and chloracetic acid /after inhalation exposure of rats/. Only the cysteine conjugate was found in feces. It was formed in the kidneys because only S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione was found in the bile. Biliary cannulation did not influence renal excretion of the cysteine conjugate. /From this study, it was concluded that/ ...two metabolic pathways are operative in dichloroacetylene metabolism in vivo. Cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation represents a minor pathway accounting for the formation of 1,1-dichloro compounds after chlorine migration. The major pathway is the biosynthesis of toxic glutathione conjugates. Organ-specific toxicity and carcinogenicity of dichloroethyne (acetylene dichloride) is due most likely to the topographical distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which is concentrated mainly in the kidney of rats.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
吸入的14(C)二氯乙炔在雄性Wistar大鼠体内的代谢已经得到了研究,这些大鼠暴露于20或40 ppm(78或156 mg/立方米)的气氛中1小时。在接下来的96小时内,消除保留的(大约17%)20和40 ppm剂量的情况如下:尿液,分别为68%和60%;粪便,分别为28%和27%。大约3.5%残留在尸体中。鉴定出的二氯乙炔代谢物包括:N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸(62%),二氯乙醇(12%),二氯乙酸(9%),草酸(8%)和氯乙酸(5%)在尿液中;粪便中只有N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸。在胆汁中,只鉴定出了S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)谷胱甘肽。胆汁插管并没有影响N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸的肾脏排泄,这一结果被解释为表明谷胱甘肽结合也发生在肾脏中。鉴定的代谢物与存在两条代谢途径的事实一致:主要的途径涉及谷胱甘肽结合,而次要途径是细胞色素P450依赖性氧化,这解释了氯迁移后1,1-二氯化合物的形成。
The metabolism of inhaled 14(C)dichloroacetylene has been studied in male Wistar rats exposed to 20 or 40 ppm (78 or 156 mg/cu m) atmospheres for 1 hr. During the next 96 hr, elimination of retained (approximately 17%) 20 and 40 ppm doses, respectively, was: urine, 68% and 60%; feces, 28% and 27%. About 3.5% remained in the carcasses. Metabolites of dichloroacetylene that were identified were: N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)- L-cysteine (62%), dichloroethanol (12%), dichloroacetic acid (9%), oxalic acid (8%) and chloroacetic acid (5%) in urine; and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in faeces. In bile, only S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione was identified. Biliary cannulation did not influence the renal excretion of N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine, a result that was interpreted to indicate that glutathione conjugation also occurs in the kidney. The identified metabolites are consistent with the existence of two metabolic pathways: the major pathway involves glutathione conjugation, while a minor pathway is cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation that accounts for the formation of 1,1- dichloro-compounds after chlorine migration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
体外研究表明,二氯乙炔与谷胱甘肽的结合主要是酶催化的,形成S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)谷胱甘肽的反应速率在大鼠肾脏和肝脏的微粒体中相似。然而,在不同的反应条件(蛋白质浓度高20-500倍)下,肝脏微粒体的反应速率最高,其次是肺、大脑和肾脏。这个代谢物在肾脏中的进一步处理尚不明确,但已知γ-谷氨酰转移酶和二肽酶(例如,在胆道上皮细胞中)可以将S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)谷胱甘肽转化为S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸,然后该物质可以在组织中被乙酰化或由肠道细菌乙酰化。乙酰化的另一种途径是通过β-裂解酶介导的代谢形成氯硫代酮烯作为中间体,它可以与组织的亲核试剂反应,或者与水反应生成氯乙酸。在大鼠小脑组织中也已经显示出了半胱氨酸结合β-裂解酶的活性。
In vitro studies have demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of dichloroacetylene is predominantly enzymatic and the rate of reaction resulting in the formation of S-(1,2- dichlorovinyl)glutathione is similar for microsomes from rat kidney and liver. However, under different reaction conditions (20-500-fold higher protein concentrations), the rate was highest for microsomes from liver, followed by lung, brain and kidney. The further handling of this metabolite in kidney is not clearly defined, but it is known that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and dipeptidases (e.g., in biliary epithelium) can transform S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione to S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)- L-cysteine, which can then be acetylated in tissues or by intestinal bacteria . An alternative to acetylation is beta-lyase-mediated metabolism to form chlorothioketene as an intermediate, which can react with tissue nucleophiles or with water, when it forms chloroacetic acid. Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity has also been shown in rat cerebellar tissue.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
谷胱甘肽(GSH)依赖性代谢研究了二氯乙炔(DCA)在大鼠肝脏和肾脏亚细胞组分中的代谢。研究还包括了在大鼠体内DCA的代谢,以识别和量化通过GSH结合形成的任何代谢物。S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)谷胱甘肽(DCVG)被识别为体外代谢产物,N-乙酰-S-(1,2-二氯乙烯基)-L-半胱氨酸(N-Ac-DCVC)被识别为在大鼠体内DCA的尿代谢物。...通过气相色谱/质谱在酯化后,N-Ac-DCVC被识别为大鼠的尿代谢物。暴露于36 ppm DCA 1小时后的雄性大鼠产生的尿液中,通过高效液相色谱分析确定含有10.7微摩尔N-乙酰-DCVC。.../建议/ DCVG的形成,肾脏中对半胱氨酸S-结合物β-裂解酶的处理,以及反应性和致突变中间体的形成,可能解释了DCA的肾毒性和肾致癌性。
The glutathione (GSH) dependent metabolism of dichloroacetylene (DCA) was investigated in rat liver and kidney subcellular fractions. The study also included the metabolism of DCA in rats to identify and quantify any metabolites formed by GSH conjugation. S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) was identified as a product of the in-vitro metabolism and N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (N-Ac-DCVC) was identified as a urinary metabolite of DCA in rats. ...N-Ac-DCVC was identified as a urinary metabolite from rats by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after esterification. Male rats exposed to 36 ppm DCA for 1 hr produced urine which contained 10.7 micromoles of N-Ca-DCVC as determined by high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. .../It was suggested/ that the formation of DCVG, renal processing to cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase in the kidney with formation of reactive and mutagenic intermediates may account for DCA nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
评估:没有关于二氯乙炔致癌性的相关流行病学数据。在实验动物中对二氯乙炔的致癌性有有限证据。总体评估:二氯乙炔的致癌性对人体不可分类(第3组)。
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of dichloroacetylene were available. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dichloroacetylene. Overall evaluation d ichloroacetylene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A3; 已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:二氯乙炔
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Dichloroacetylene
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构专著:第39卷:(1986年)一些用于塑料和橡胶的化学品 增补第7卷:致癌性的总体评估:更新国际癌症研究机构专著第1至42卷,1987年;440页;ISBN 92-832-1411-0(已绝版) 第71卷:(1999年)对一些有机化学品、肼和过氧化氢(第一部分、第二部分、第三部分)的再评估
IARC Monographs:Volume 39: (1986) Some Chemicals Used in Plastics and Elastomers Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print) Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
吸入的14(C)二氯乙炔在雄性Wistar大鼠体内的代谢已经进行了研究,这些大鼠暴露于20或40 ppm(78或156 mg/立方米)的气氛中1小时。在接下来的96小时内,消除保留的(大约17%)20和40 ppm剂量的情况如下:尿液,分别为68%和60%;粪便,分别为28%和27%。大约3.5%残留在尸体中。
The metabolism of inhaled 14(C)dichloroacetylene has been studied in male Wistar rats exposed to 20 or 40 ppm (78 or 156 mg/cu m) atmospheres for 1 hr. During the next 96 hr, elimination of retained (approximately 17%) 20 and 40 ppm doses, respectively, was: urine, 68% and 60%; feces, 28% and 27%. About 3.5% remained in the carcasses.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
使用仅限鼻部的动态系统,...将老鼠暴露于14C-二氯乙炔1小时,浓度分别为20或40 ppm。报告显示,20 ppm和40 ppm的放射性保留率分别为17.6%和15.6%。在96小时内,放射性的消除几乎是定量的。在20 ppm时,尿液中放射性的消除率为67.8%,在40 ppm时为60%。在20 ppm时,粪便中放射性的消除率为27.5%,在40 ppm时为27%。只有3.4至3.5%的放射性残留在尸体中。
Using a nose-only dynamic system, ...rats /were given 14C-dichloroacetylene/ for 1 hr at concentrations of 20 or 40 ppm. Retention rates of 17.6 and 15.6% of the radioactivity were reported for 20 and 40 ppm, respectively. Elimination of radioactivity was almost quantitative in 96 hr. Elimination of radioactivity in urine was 67.8% at 20 ppm and 60% at 40 ppm. Elimination in feces was 27.5% at 20 ppm and 27% at 40 ppm. Only 3.4 to 3.5% remained in the carcass.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露限值:
    Ceiling: 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3)
  • 危险等级:
    4.2
  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,E
  • 安全说明:
    S36/37
  • 危险类别码:
    R48/20,R40,R2
  • 危险类别:
    4.2
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2845

SDS

SDS:a3e22f784d7191ff21624e649aed4d82
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第一部分:化学品名称
化学品中文名称: 二氯乙炔
化学品英文名称: Dichloroacetylene;Dichloroethyne
中文俗名或商品名:
Synonyms:
CAS No.: 7572-29-4
分子式: C 2 Cl 2
分子量: 94.92
第二部分:成分/组成信息
纯化学品 混合物
化学品名称:二氯乙炔
有害物成分 含量 CAS No.
第三部分:危险性概述
危险性类别:
侵入途径: 吸入 食入
健康危害: 本品具有高毒性,可引起头痛、恶心,神经和肝、肾损害。可死于严重肾脏损害。
环境危害:
燃爆危险: 本品可燃,高毒。
第四部分:急救措施
皮肤接触: 脱去污染的衣着,用大量流动清水彻底冲洗。
眼睛接触: 立即翻开上下眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入: 迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入: 误服者漱口,给饮牛奶或蛋清,就医。
第五部分:消防措施
危险特性: 受热或接触酸或酸雾, 产生氯化物烟气。
有害燃烧产物: 一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化铝。
灭火方法及灭火剂: 消防人员必须佩戴过滤式防毒面具(全面罩)或隔离式呼吸器、穿全身防火防毒服,在上风向灭火。尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却,直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音,必须马上撤离。灭火剂:雾状水、泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。
消防员的个体防护:
禁止使用的灭火剂:
闪点(℃): 无资料
自燃温度(℃): 无资料
爆炸下限[%(V/V)]: 无资料
爆炸上限[%(V/V)]: 无资料
最小点火能(mJ):
爆燃点:
爆速:
最大燃爆压力(MPa):
建规火险分级:
第六部分:泄漏应急处理
应急处理: 迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防毒服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止流入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
第七部分:操作处置与储存
操作注意事项: 密闭操作,局部排风。操作人员必须经过专门培训,严格遵守操作规程。建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(全面罩),穿连衣式胶布防毒衣,戴橡胶耐油手套。远离火种、热源,工作场所严禁吸烟。使用防爆型的通风系统和设备。防止蒸气泄漏到工作场所空气中。避免与氧化剂、还原剂、酸类接触。搬运时要轻装轻卸,防止包装及容器损坏。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。倒空的容器可能残留有害物。
储存注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过30℃。应与氧化剂、还原剂、酸类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。应严格执行极毒物品“五双”管理制度。
第八部分:接触控制/个体防护
最高容许浓度: 中 国 MAC:未制订标准前苏联MAC:未制订标准美国TLV—TWA:ACGIH 0.1
监测方法:
工程控制: 密闭操作,局部排风。
呼吸系统防护: 空气中浓度超标时,必须佩戴防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴正压自给式呼吸器。
眼睛防护: 戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护: 穿聚乙烯薄膜防毒服。
手防护: 必要时戴防化学品手套。
其他防护: 工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后,淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服,洗后再用。注意个人清洁卫生
第九部分:理化特性
外观与性状: 液体。
pH:
熔点(℃): -66~-64.2
沸点(℃):
相对密度(水=1):
相对蒸气密度(空气=1):
饱和蒸气压(kPa):
燃烧热(kJ/mol):
临界温度(℃):
临界压力(MPa):
辛醇/水分配系数的对数值:
闪点(℃): 无资料
引燃温度(℃): 无资料
爆炸上限%(V/V): 无资料
爆炸下限%(V/V): 无资料
分子式: C 2 Cl 2
分子量: 94.92
蒸发速率:
粘性:
溶解性: 不溶于水,溶于多数有机溶剂。
主要用途:
第十部分:稳定性和反应活性
稳定性: 在常温常压下 稳定
禁配物: 强氧化剂、强酸、强还原剂。
避免接触的条件:
聚合危害: 能发生
分解产物: 一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化铝。
第十一部分:毒理学资料
急性毒性: LD50: LC50:19PPm,6小时(小鼠吸入);55ppm 4小时(大鼠吸入)
急性中毒:
慢性中毒:
亚急性和慢性毒性:
刺激性:
致敏性:
致突变性:
致畸性:
致癌性:
第十二部分:生态学资料
生态毒理毒性:
生物降解性:
非生物降解性:
生物富集或生物积累性:
第十三部分:废弃处置
废弃物性质:
废弃处置方法: 用焚烧法处置。与燃料混合后,再焚烧。
废弃注意事项:
第十四部分:运输信息
危险货物编号:
UN编号:
包装标志:
包装类别:
包装方法:
运输注意事项: 铁路运输时应严格按照铁道部《危险货物运输规则》中的危险货物配装表进行配装。运输前应先检查包装容器是否完整、密封,运输过程中要确保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不坠落、不损坏。严禁与氧化剂、还原剂、酸类、食用化学品等混装混运。运输车船必须彻底清洗、消毒,否则不得装运其它物品。船运时,配装位置应远离卧室、厨房,并与机舱、电源、火源等部位隔离。公路运输时要按规定路线行驶,勿在居民区和人口稠密区停留。
RETCS号:
IMDG规则页码:
第十五部分:法规信息
国内化学品安全管理法规: 化学危险物品安全管理条例 (1987年2月17日国务院发布),化学危险物品安全管理条例实施细则 (化劳发[1992] 677号),工作场所安全使用化学品规定 ([1996]劳部发423号)等法规,针对化学危险品的安全使用、生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应规定。
国际化学品安全管理法规:
第十六部分:其他信息
参考文献: 1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
填表时间: 年月日
填表部门:
数据审核单位:
修改说明:
其他信息: 3
MSDS修改日期: 年月日

制备方法与用途

用途

二氯乙炔用作油脂、树脂、橡胶、醋酸纤维等的溶剂,并应用于染料浸液以及有机合成中。例如,在合成菊酸乙酯化合物时,采用微通道技术将原料A组分(甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液和二氯乙炔溶液)与原料B组分(亚硝酸钠水溶液)分别通过两个计量泵送入微混合器进行混合后,同时输入到微通道反应器中进行重氮化反应。之后,将得到的重氮液组分和原料C组分(己二烯、二丁基甲苯及硬脂酸钠混合液)再次通过两个计量泵送入微混合器混合,并同步注入微通道反应器进行环化反应。

上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    二氯乙炔 在 sodium chloride 、 作用下, 生成 氯乙炔
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Pathways of Chlorinated Ethylene and Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction with Zn(0)
    摘要:
    To successfully design treatment systems relying on reactions of chlorocarbons with zero-valent metals, information is needed concerning the kinetics and pathways through which transformations occur. In this study, pathways of chlorinated ethylene reaction with Zn(0) have been elucidated through batch experiments. Data for parent compound disappearance and product appearance were fit to pseudo-first-order rate expressions in order to develop a complete kinetic model. Results indicate that reductive beta-elimination plays an important role, accounting for 15% of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 30% of trichloroethylene (TCE), 85% of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), and 95% of trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE) reaction. The fraction of PCE, TCE, trans-DCE, and cis-DCE transformation that occurs via reductive elimination increases as the two-electron reduction potential (E-2)for this reaction becomes more favorable relative to hydrogenolysis. In the case of PCE a nd TCE, reductive elimination gives rise to chlorinated acetylenes. Chloroacetylene and dichloroacetylene were synthesized and found to react rapidly with zinc, displaying products consistent with both hydrogenolysis and reduction of the triple bond. Surface area-normalized rate constants (k(SA)) for chlorinated ethylene disappearance correlate well with both one-electron (E-1) and two-electron (E-2) reduction potentials for the appropriate reactions. Correlation with E-2 allows prediction of the distribution of reaction products as well as the rate of disappearance of the parent compound.
    DOI:
    10.1021/es980252o
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    四氯乙烯 在 sodium chloride 、 作用下, 生成 二氯乙炔
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Pathways of Chlorinated Ethylene and Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction with Zn(0)
    摘要:
    To successfully design treatment systems relying on reactions of chlorocarbons with zero-valent metals, information is needed concerning the kinetics and pathways through which transformations occur. In this study, pathways of chlorinated ethylene reaction with Zn(0) have been elucidated through batch experiments. Data for parent compound disappearance and product appearance were fit to pseudo-first-order rate expressions in order to develop a complete kinetic model. Results indicate that reductive beta-elimination plays an important role, accounting for 15% of tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 30% of trichloroethylene (TCE), 85% of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), and 95% of trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE) reaction. The fraction of PCE, TCE, trans-DCE, and cis-DCE transformation that occurs via reductive elimination increases as the two-electron reduction potential (E-2)for this reaction becomes more favorable relative to hydrogenolysis. In the case of PCE a nd TCE, reductive elimination gives rise to chlorinated acetylenes. Chloroacetylene and dichloroacetylene were synthesized and found to react rapidly with zinc, displaying products consistent with both hydrogenolysis and reduction of the triple bond. Surface area-normalized rate constants (k(SA)) for chlorinated ethylene disappearance correlate well with both one-electron (E-1) and two-electron (E-2) reduction potentials for the appropriate reactions. Correlation with E-2 allows prediction of the distribution of reaction products as well as the rate of disappearance of the parent compound.
    DOI:
    10.1021/es980252o
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    乙醚联苯二碲二氯乙炔 作用下, 以 乙醚 为溶剂, 生成 ((Z)-1,2-Dichloro-vinyltellanyl)-benzene 、 1,2-dichloro-1,2-bis(phenyltellanyl)ethylene 、
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Guillanton, Georges Le; Martynov, Alexander V.; Delaunay, Jacques, Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, 1998, # 11, p. 3001 - 3010
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • [EN] MACROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF FLAVIVIRIDAE VIRUSES<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS MACROCYCLIQUES DES VIRUS FLAVIVIRIDAE
    申请人:GILEAD SCIENCES INC
    公开号:WO2013185103A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-12-12
    Provided are compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of virus infections, particularly hepatitis C infections.
    提供的是Formula I的化合物及其药用可接受的盐和酯。所提供的化合物、组合物和方法对于治疗病毒感染,特别是丙型肝炎感染,是有用的。
  • Copper-catalyzed chlorination and condensation of acetylene and dichloroacetylene
    作者:Philip H. Taylor、Andreas Wehrmeier、Sukh S. Sidhu、Dieter Lenoir、K.-W. Schramm、A. Kettrup
    DOI:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00272-6
    日期:2000.6
    The chlorination and condensation of acetylene at low temperatures is demonstrated using copper chlorides as chlorinated agents coated to model borosilicate surfaces. Experiments with and without both a chlorine source and borosilicate surfaces indicate the absence of gas-phase and gas-surface reactions. Chlorination and condensation occur only in the presence of the copper catalyst. C2 through C8
    使用氯化铜作为模拟硼硅酸盐表面的氯化剂,证明了乙炔在低温下的氯化和缩合。在有和没有氯源和硼硅酸盐表面的情况下进行的实验表明,没有气相和气相表面反应。氯化和缩合仅在铜催化剂存在下发生。在废水中观察到C2至C8有机产物。仅从提取硼硅酸盐表面观察到PCDD / F。提出了与观察到的产物分布一致的全局反应模型。用二氯乙炔进行的类似实验表明,在不存在铜催化剂的情况下,反应性更高。在低温下在气相中和在存在硼硅酸盐表面的情况下观察到反应。仅在铜催化剂存在下观察到六氯苯的形成。仅从提取硼硅酸盐表面观察到PCDD / F。提出了一种由二氯乙炔形成六氯苯的整体反应模型。
  • MACROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF FLAVIVIRIDAE VIRUSES
    申请人:Gilead Sciences, Inc.
    公开号:US20170190737A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-07-06
    Provided are compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of virus infections, particularly hepatitis C infections.
    提供的是公式I的化合物: 及其药用可接受的盐和酯。这些化合物、组合物和方法对于治疗病毒感染特别是有用的,尤其是丙型肝炎感染。
  • Au- and Pt-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of 1,5-Enynes to Cyclohexadienes with a Broad Alkyne Scope
    作者:Jianwei Sun、Matthew P. Conley、Liming Zhang、Sergey A. Kozmin
    DOI:10.1021/ja063384n
    日期:2006.8.1
    Elucidation of this unusual reaction mechanism enabled us, in turn, to significantly expand the scope of the cycloisomerization by incorporation of a quaternary center at the C(3) position of the enyne. Indeed, we established that PtCl(2) (5 mol %) efficiently catalyzed the cycloisomerizations of 1,5-enynes containing terminal, internal, and arene-conjugated alkynes. Since a variety of 1,5-enynes are readily
    我们描述了金和铂催化的 1,5-烯炔环异构化的发展。这种催化过程显示出广泛的炔烃范围,并提供了一系列高度官能化的 1,4- 和 1,3- 环己二烯。在 1-siloxy-1-yne-5-enes 的情况下,反应在环境温度下被 AuCl(1 mol%)有效催化,得到甲硅烷氧基环己二烯或相应的 1,2- 和 1,3-环己烯酮。原脱甲硅烷化。我们建议该反应通过涉及一系列 1,2-烷基转移的新机制进行。反过来,阐明这种不寻常的反应机制使我们能够通过在烯炔的 C(3) 位置加入季铵中心来显着扩大环异构化的范围。事实上,我们确定 PtCl(2) (5 mol %) 有效地催化了 1 的环异构化,包含末端、内部和芳烃共轭炔的 5-烯炔。由于各种 1,5-烯炔很容易获得,环异构化为许多后续合成应用提供了广泛的高取代环己二烯的快速方法。
  • Towards the Synthesis of Azoacetylenes
    作者:Frédéric Denonne、Paul Seiler、François Diederich
    DOI:10.1002/hlca.200390252
    日期:2003.9
    The synthesis of azoacetylenes (=dialkynyldiazenes) 1 and 2 has been investigated. They represent a still elusive class of chromophores with potentially very interesting applications as novel bistable photochemical molecular switches or as antitumor agents (Fig. 1). Our synthetic efforts have led us alongside three different approaches (Scheme 1). In a first route, it was envisioned to generate the
    已研究了偶氮乙炔(=二炔基二氮烯)1和2的合成。它们代表了仍难以捉摸的发色团,具有潜在的非常有趣的应用,如新型双稳态光化学分子开关或抗肿瘤剂(图1)。我们的综合努力使我们与三种不同的方法(方案1)并驾齐驱。在第一种途径中,设想通过光解N,N'-二乙炔基化的1,3,4-噻二唑烷-2,5-二酮(本身是具有挑战性的靶标)来产生偶氮(=二氮烯)键(方案2)。描述了通过将母体杂环与取代的炔基碘化铵盐进行炔基化来获得后者的尝试。在概念上类似的方法中,无少挑战性dialkynylated 9,10-二氢-9,10- diazanoanthracene(29)是由未取代的肼的炔基化而产生28(方案6)。在第二种途径中,尝试以涉及氮杂双(磷烷)36和(三异丙基甲硅烷基)烯酮37之间的氮杂-维蒂希反应的合成方案,尝试从Br-取代的二亚乙烯基肼(酮-嗪)35生成NN键(方案7)。)。最后,探索了第三种方法,该方
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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mass
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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