... /IN URINE FROM RATS DOSED/ WITH TOTAL OF 300 MG/KG OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE FOR 10 MONTHS ... 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE & CERTAIN OTHER CHLOROBENZENES WERE DETECTED, BUT NOT COMPLETELY IDENTIFIED.
Lindane administered to hen pheasants resulted in tetrachlorobenzene being identified ... as part of the array of metabolites found in eggs and chicks as well as in the body tissues of hens. /Tetrachlorobenzenes/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过吞食被吸收进人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
咳嗽。
Cough.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's to maintain hydration and adequate urine flow. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
AT END OF 2 YR EXPOSURE AT 5 MG/KG/DAY IN DIET OF DOGS, 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE REACHED 98 & 97% OF CALCULATED STEADY STATE CONCN IN FAT & PLASMA. IT WAS ELIMINATED FROM FAT & PLASMA WITH HALF-LIFE OF 111 & 104 DAYS. RATE OF ELIMINATION RESULTED IN DRAMATIC CHANGES IN FAT/PLASMA RATIO.
Three tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) congeners (1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene) were administered daily by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg from day 6-15 of gestation. Residues of all three congeners were found in maternal and fetal tissues but generally the amounts of the 1,2,4,5- isomer were about 100 times higher than the other two.
... This study was designed to determine the subchronic toxicity of the tetrachlorobenzenes. Results indicated that 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene accumulated in fat and liver in a dose dependent manner.
THE MEAN LEVELS OF CHLOROBENZENES (INCLUDING 1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE) IN HUMAN MILK AND ADIPOSE TISSUE WERE DETERMINED AND RANGED FROM TRACES TO 25 UG/KG FOR HUMAN MILK AND FROM NOT DETECTED TO 146 UG/KG FOR ADIPOSE TISSUE. THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT CHLOROBENZENE ISOMERS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND MILK WAS DIFFERENT.
Sodiummethoxide reacts with dichlorobenzenes in HMPA to give the chloroanisoles as a result of a SNAr process. Excess MeONa then effects the demethylation of the ethers to give the chlorophenols via an SN2 reaction. With tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes the initially formed chloroanisoles can be dealkylated to chlorophenols or can suffer further substitution to give the chlorodimethoxybenzenes; these
由于S N Ar过程,甲醇钠与HMPA中的二氯苯反应生成氯茴香醚。然后过量的MeONa通过S N 2反应使醚脱甲基,得到氯酚。用三氯苯和四氯苯可以将最初形成的氯茴香醚脱烷基化为氯酚,或者可以进一步取代生成氯二甲氧基苯;它们与过量的MeONa反应,得到氯甲氧基苯酚。在取代基的电子效应的基础上,介绍并讨论了用二,三和四氯苯的各种异构体获得的结果。
Robust Acenaphthoimidazolylidene Palladium Complexes: Highly Efficient Catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings with Sterically Hindered Substrates
Robust acenaphthoimidazolylidene palladiumcomplexes have been demonstrated as highlyefficient and general catalysts for the sterically hindered Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in excellent yields even with low catalyst loadings under mild reaction conditions. The high catalytic activity of these complexes highlights that, besides the “flexible steric bulky” concept, σ-donor properties of
Synthesis of a new stable and water-soluble tris(4-hydroxysulfonyltetrachlorophenyl)methyl radical with selective oxidative capacity
作者:Juan Antonio Mesa、Amado Velázquez-Palenzuela、Enric Brillas、Josep Lluís Torres、Luis Juliá
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.069
日期:2011.4
A new stableorganic free radical of the PTM (perchlorotriphenylmethyl) series very soluble in water is reported. This free radical is sensitive to electron transfer processes, and the selectivity of these reactions in the presence of ascorbic acid, pyrogallol, and catechol as reducing species is described. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and the electrochemical behavior are also presented
metal‐free system using saturated aqueous sodium chloride/aqueousammonium chloride solution as chlorine source and potassium persulfate as a cheap oxidant for the chlorination of various aromatic compounds including deactivated ones has been developed that proceeds without any acid additive in an excellent regioselective manner. The easy‐to‐handle aqueoussolution/acetonitrile biphasic system as solvent
Nickel-Phosphine Complex-Catalyzed Grignard Coupling. I. Cross-Coupling of Alkyl, Aryl, and Alkenyl Grignard Reagents with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides: General Scope and Limitations
(s)), aryl, and alkenyl Grignard reagents and nonfused, fused, and substituted aromatic halides and haloolefins. Limitations lie in sluggish reactions between alkyl Grignard reagents and dihaloethylenes. The most effective catalysts are [Ni(C6H5)2P(CH2)3P(C6H5)2}Cl2] for alkyl and simple aryl Grignard reagents, [Ni(CH3)2P(CH2)2P(CH3)2}Cl2] for alkenyl and allylic Grignard reagents and [NiP(C6H5)3}2-Cl2]