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1,2-二溴乙烷 | 106-93-4

中文名称
1,2-二溴乙烷
中文别名
二溴化乙烯;二溴化乙烷;亚乙基二溴;乙撑二溴;溴化乙烯;二溴乙烷;溴化乙烷;1,2-二溴乙烷(EDB);(二)溴化乙烯;1,2-二溴乙烷(EDB);对称二溴乙烷;三溴乙烷
英文名称
ethylene dibromide
英文别名
1,2-dibromoethane;dibromoethane;DBE;ethylene bromide;1,2‑dibromoethane;1,2‐dibromoethane;1,2-DBE
1,2-二溴乙烷化学式
CAS
106-93-4
化学式
C2H4Br2
mdl
MFCD00000233
分子量
187.862
InChiKey
PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    9 °C
  • 沸点:
    131-132 °C(lit.)
  • 密度:
    2.18 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    ~6.5 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    132°C
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于250份水中
  • 暴露限值:
    NIOSH REL: TWA 0.045 ppm, 15-min C 0.13 ppm, IDLH 100 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 20 ppm, C 30 ppm, 5-min peak 50 ppm;ACGIH TLV: suspected human carcinogen.
  • 介电常数:
    4.75
  • 物理描述:
    Colorless liquid or solid (below 50°F) with a sweet odor.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Heavy liquid
  • 气味:
    Chloroform odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    6.48 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    11.2 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    6.50e-04 atm-m3/mole
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    2.50e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 在光作用下部分发生分解,与强碱反应生成溴代乙烯。 2. 蒸气有毒,高浓度时能引起麻醉作用,全麻时会引起肺水肿致死。空气中最低中毒浓度为25×10-6,吸入致死浓度为1000×10-6。对啮齿动物有致癌作用。空气中最高容许浓度为130×10-9。蒸气刺激呼吸道并损伤肝、肾。液体接触皮肤可导致溃烂。生产场所应通风良好,并备有防毒面具和防护服等,一旦受污染需立即脱去外衣并擦干皮肤。 3. 具有中度麻醉作用,易被皮肤吸收,其蒸气能刺激眼黏膜和上呼吸道。麻醉性虽小但会导致感觉迟钝、抑郁和呕吐等症状。服用40g即可致死。慢性中毒时可引发眼球结膜炎、支气管炎、喉头炎、食欲不振及抑郁等病症。嗅觉阈浓度为199.94mg/m³,工作场所最高容许浓度为192.25 mg/m³。 4. 稳定性:稳定 [20] 5. 禁配物:碱金属、强氧化剂 [21] 6. 避免接触的条件:光照、受热 [22] 7. 聚合危害:不聚合 [23] 8. 分解产物:溴化氢 [24]
  • 自燃温度:
    Not flammable (USCG, 1999)
  • 分解:
    At 240-270 °C in a glass vessel, ethylene bromide decomposes into vinyl bromide & hydrogen bromide.
  • 粘度:
    1.727 cP at 20 °C
  • 腐蚀性:
    Liquid ethylene dibromide will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
  • 燃烧热:
    Heat of combustion in an oxygen bomb is 6647 J/g (1289 cal/g).
  • 汽化热:
    82.1 BTU/lb = 45.6 cal/g = 1.91X10+5 J/kg
  • 表面张力:
    38.75 dynes/cm = 0.03875 Newtons/m at 20 °C; Liquid-water interfacial tension: 36.54 dynes at 20 °C
  • 电离电位:
    9.45 eV
  • 气味阈值:
    Low: 76.80 mg/cu m; High: 62.50 mg/cu m.
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.5356 at 20 °C/D
  • 保留指数:
    770.9;787;795;805;786.9;775.4;787;783.2;790;774;790;823;783.9

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2
  • 重原子数:
    4
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
乙烯二溴化物(1,2-二溴乙烷,EDB)通过两条途径代谢:一条是由谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)催化的结合途径,另一条是由细胞色素P450(P450)催化的氧化途径。GST途径与致癌性相关。本文提出了一种使用纯化的人GST和P450酶来探讨这些代谢途径对人类体内重要性的方法。这个策略基本上包括四个步骤:(i)在体外确定最重要的同工酶,(ii)按每毫克细胞质和微粒体蛋白的速率进行缩放,(iii)按每克肝脏的速率进行缩放,以及(iv)将数据纳入一个基于生理的药代动力学(PBPK)模型。在第一步中,发现几种GST同工酶对EDB具有活性,并表现出伪一级动力学,而EDB的氧化是由CYP2E1、2A6和2B6催化的,这些都显示出饱和动力学。在第二步中,预测与21个人类肝脏样本批次中测量的活性一致。在第三步中,预测大鼠肝脏P450和GST对EDB的代谢与人类代谢(按克表达)处于同一范围。对GST活性的个体间差异进行了建模,以确定“极端情况”。对于活性最高的人,预测结合代谢物的量大约增加了1.5倍。最后,证明了即使在低浓度下,GST途径也总是对总代谢有显著贡献。在第四步中,使用了一个描述吸入EDB后肝脏代谢的PBPK模型。预测P450途径的饱和在大鼠中比人类更快发生。预测大鼠从两条途径转化EDB的周转率更高。然而,当所有数据结合在一起时,至关重要的是要认识到即使在低EDB浓度下,GST仍然显著活跃。讨论了所呈现策略的局限性和优点。
Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) is metabolized by two routes: a conjugative route catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases (GST) and an oxidative route catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450). The GST route is associated with carcinogenicity. An approach is presented to use human purified GST and P450 enzymes to explore the importance of these metabolic pathways for man in vivo. This strategy basically consists of four steps: (i) identification of the most important isoenzymes in vitro, (ii) scaling to rate per milligram cytosolic and microsomal protein, (iii) scaling to rate per gram liver, and (iv) incorporation of data in a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. In the first step, several GST isoenzymes were shown to be active toward EDB and displayed pseudo-first-order kinetics, while the EDB oxidation was catalyzed by CYP2E1, 2A6, and 2B6, which all displayed saturable kinetics. In the second step, the predictions were in agreement with the measured activity in a batch of 21 human liver samples. In the third step, rat liver P450 and GST metabolism of EDB was predicted to be in the same range as human metabolism (expressed per gram). Interindividual differences in GST activity were modeled to determine "extreme cases." For the most active person, an approximately 1.5-fold increase of the amount of conjugative metabolites was predicted. Lastly, it was shown that the GST route, even at low concentrations, will always contribute significantly to total metabolism. In the fourth step, a PBPK model describing liver metabolism after inhalatory exposure to EDB was used. The saturation of the P450 route was predicted to occur faster in the rat than in man. The rat was predicted to have a higher turnover of EDB from both routes. Nevertheless, when all data are combined, it is crucial to recognize that the GST remains significantly active even at low EDB concentrations. The limitations and advantages of the presented strategy are discussed.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大鼠和小鼠口服溴化乙烯后,尿液中的代谢物被鉴定为S-(2-羟基乙基)半胱氨酸和N-乙酰-S-(2-羟基乙基)半胱氨酸;在化学物质腹腔注射后,还鉴定出了N-乙酰-S-(2-羟基乙基)半胱氨酸-s-氧化物。
Urinary metabolites in rats and mice after oral administration of ethylene dibromide were identified as S-(2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine and N-acetyl-s-(2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine; N-acetyl-s-(2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine-s-oxide was also identified after ip admin of the chemical.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
体内研究表明,EDB(乙炔二醇)与谷胱甘肽之间的反应主要发生在肝脏,形成S-(beta-羟基乙基)谷胱甘肽、S-(beta-羟基乙基)谷胱甘肽亚砜和S,S1-双(谷胱甘肽)乙烯。随后的降解主要发生在肾脏,产生S-(beta-羟基乙基)巯基尿酸及其亚砜。
In vivo studies indicated that reaction /between EDB and glutathione/ occurs primarily in liver with formation of S-(beta-hydroxyethyl)glutathione, S-(beta-hydroxyethyl)glutathione sulfoxide and S,S1-bis(glutathione)ethylene. Later degradation occurs primarily in kidneys to yield S-(beta-hydroxyethyl) mercapturic acid and its sulfoxide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
含卤素熏蒸剂在哺乳动物(和鸟类)中的代谢...进行了回顾。对于从乙烯二溴化物在肝脏中产生S-(2-羟基乙基)谷胱甘肽的高效产物的解释,可能取决于...产物的反应性...第一次位移反应,它是一种“硫芥”衍生物。产生的环硫正离子对亲核攻击非常反应,水解产生S-(2-羟基乙基)谷胱甘肽,与另一分子谷胱甘肽的反应则产生...乙烯S,S'-二谷胱甘肽。
The metabolism of halogen-containing fumigants in mammals (and birds) ... reviewed. An explanation for efficient prodn of S-(2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione from ethylene dibromide prodn in liver prepn probably depends on ... reactivity of the product ... of the first displacement reaction, which is a 'sulfur mustard' derivative. The derived episulfonium ion is very reactive towards nucleophilic attack, hydrolysis yielding S-(2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione & reaction with another molecule of glutathione giving ... ethylene SS'-bisglutathione.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
1_2-二溴乙烷的人类代谢物包括2-溴乙醛。
1_2-dibromoethane has known human metabolites that include 2-bromoacetaldehyde.
来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:1,2-二溴乙烷(1,2-二溴乙烷)是一种无色液体。历史上,1,2-二溴乙烷的主要用途是作为汽油中添加的抗爆混合物的铅清除剂。1,2-二溴乙烷的另一个主要过去用途是作为农药和土壤及谷物熏蒸剂的成分,并用于收获后的应用。1,2-二溴乙烷曾被用作制造树脂、树胶、蜡、染料和药品的化学中间体,以及作为一种高密度、不易燃的溶剂。 人体研究:1,2-二溴乙烷会导致口腔溃疡,随后出现肝脏和肾脏毒性。有报告称发生了致命中毒的案例。当在人类淋巴细胞中进行测试时,它是一种DNA损伤剂,但只有在代谢激活后才会出现阳性结果。 动物研究:狗暴露于1,2-二溴乙烷蒸汽1至1.5小时后,在从暴露室移除几小时后出现角膜混浊。大鼠能够在含有25 ppm 1,2-二溴乙烷的空气中每天暴露7小时,持续151天,但63次类似的50 ppm水平的暴露导致了20-50%的动物死亡。急性暴露导致的死亡通常是由于肺充血和出血,尽管也观察到了肝脏和肾脏损伤以及角膜损伤。1,2-二溴乙烷在大鼠和小鼠的多个不同组织部位通过多种不同的暴露途径引起了肿瘤。吸入1,2-二溴乙烷会导致大鼠和小鼠的鼻腔和血管癌症;在大鼠和小鼠中引起良性或恶性肺肿瘤;在两种性别的雌性中引起良性或恶性乳腺肿瘤。它还引起了雄性大鼠的睾丸肿瘤和雌性小鼠的皮下组织癌症。雌性小鼠通过皮肤暴露于1,2-二溴乙烷引起了肺和皮肤肿瘤。在小鼠中,通过饮用水给予1,2-二溴乙烷会在两种性别的动物中引起前胃肿瘤,在雌性中引起食道良性肿瘤。乙烯二溴的某些对人类男性生殖的影响已经在兔子上进行了建模,尽管兔子似乎不太敏感,因为只有在接近LD50(55 mg/kg)的剂量下精子参数才会受到影响。当以10 mg/kg的剂量连续5天给大鼠腹腔注射时,它会损害生精细胞。在开始交替日给公牛口服4 mg/kg体重的1,2-二溴乙烷2到3周后,观察到异常精子,这表明干扰了精子生成和精子在附睾中的成熟。当怀孕大鼠和小鼠在怀孕的第6-15天每天暴露于31.6 ppm 1,2-二溴乙烷23小时时,观察到胎儿异常。1,2-二溴乙烷在大鼠体内处理后与肝脏DNA共价结合。它对DNA修复缺陷细菌具有选择性致死性,并诱导培养的哺乳动物细胞进行DNA修复。在没有外源代谢激活系统的情况下,它对细菌、真菌、血管植物、昆虫和培养的哺乳动物细胞具有诱变性。它诱导培养的哺乳动物细胞中的染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换。 生态毒理学研究:1,2-二溴乙烯对大多数测试的水生生物的毒性较低。它对绿色植物和发芽种子具有植物毒性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethylene dibromide (1,2-Dibromoethane) is a colorless liquid. Historically, the primary use of 1,2-dibromoethane has been as a lead scavenger in antiknock mixtures added to gasolines. Another major past use of 1,2-dibromoethane was as a pesticide and an ingredient of soil and grain fumigants and for post-harvest application. 1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of resins, gums, waxes, dyes, and pharmaceuticals and as a high-density, nonflammable solvent. HUMAN STUDIES: 1,2-Dibromoethane has produced oral ulcerations, followed by liver and renal toxicity. Cases of fatal poisoning have been reported. It was a DNA damaging agent when tested in human lymphocytes, but positive results were noted only after metabolic activation. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dogs exposed for 1 to 1.5 hr to vapor of 1,2-dibromoethane developed clouding of corneas several hours after removal from the exposure chamber. Rats tolerated exposure to 25 ppm 1,2-dibromoethane in air over 7 hr/day for 151 days, but 63 similar exposures to levels of 50 ppm were lethal to 20-50% of animals. Deaths from acute exposure were usually due to lung congestion and hemorrhage although liver and kidney damage, as well as corneal injury, were also observed. 1,2-Dibromoethane caused tumors in rats and mice at several different tissue sites and by several different routes of exposure. Inhalation exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane caused cancer of the nasal cavity and the blood vessels in rats of both sexes and in female mice; benign or malignant lung tumors in mice of both sexes and in female rats; and benign or malignant mammary gland tumors in females of both species. It also caused testicular tumors in male rats and cancer of the subcutaneous tissue in female mice. Dermal exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane caused lung and skin tumors in female mice. In mice, administration of 1,2-dibromoethane in the drinking water caused forestomach tumors in both sexes and benign tumors of the esophagus in females. Some of the male reproductive effects of ethylene dibromide in the human have been modelled in the rabbit, although the rabbit appears not to be as sensitive, since semen parameters were affected only at doses close to the LD50 (55 mg/kg). When given ip at dose of 10 mg/kg on 5 successive days to rats it damaged spermatogenic cells. Two to three weeks after start of oral treatment of bulls with 4 mg/kg bw 1,2-dibromoethane on alternate days, abnormal spermatozoa were observed, indicating interference with spermatogenesis and with maturation of spermatozoa in epididymis. Fetal abnormalities were observed when pregnant rats and mice were exposed at 31.6 ppm 1,2-dibromoethane for 23 hr a day during the 6th-15th days of gestation. 1,2-Dibromoethane bound covalently to liver DNA of rats treated in vivo. It was selectively lethal to DNA-repair-deficient bacteria, and provoked DNA repair in cultured mammalian cells. It was mutagenic to bacteria, fungi, vascular plants, insects and cultured mammalian cells in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. It induced chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: 1,2-Dibromoethene showed low toxicity to most aquatic species tested. It was phytotoxic for green plants and germinating seed.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
代谢物2-溴乙醛通过与细胞蛋白结合产生肝损伤。另一种代谢物S-(2-溴乙基)谷胱甘肽通过与DNA结合发挥基因毒性和致癌作用。1,2-二溴乙烷代谢物的抗生精作用可能是由于它们与精子细胞核中的核蛋白的巯基团发生共价结合。这种加合物的形成干扰DNA,导致染色质包装不当。
The metabolite 2-bromoacetaldehyde produces liver damage by binding to cellular proteins. S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, another metabolite, exerts genotoxic and carcinogenic effects by binding to DNA. Antispermatogenic effects of 1,2-dibromoethanes metabolites may be caused by their covalent binding to thiol groups of nucleoproteins in nuclei of spermatozoa. Such adduct formation interferes with DNA, causing improper packing of the chromatin. (L120)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
癌症分类:B2组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
分类: "可能对人类致癌"。分类依据:这是基于几项研究的一致发现,报道了在大鼠和小鼠的两种性别中,通过不同的给药途径,在给药部位和远处部位都增加了多种肿瘤的发生率,可以得出1,2-二溴乙烷对动物具有致癌性的强有力证据。现有的证据进一步支持了1,2-二溴乙烷是一种基于多种体外和体内测试系统的遗传毒性致癌物的结论。人类致癌性数据:不足。动物致癌性数据:充分。
CLASSIFICATION: "likely to be carcinogenic to humans". BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: This is based on the consistent findings of several studies reporting increased incidences of a variety of tumors in rats and mice of both sexes by different routes of administration at both the site of application and at distant sites, it can be concluded that there is strong evidence of the carcinogenicity of 1,2-dibromoethane in animals. The available evidence further supports a conclusion that 1,2-dibromoethane is a genotoxic carcinogen based on evidence from a variety of in vitro and in vivo test systems. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A3:已确认的动物致癌物,对人类的相关性未知。
A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
乙烯二溴化物被吸入蒸汽时,会从肺部迅速且容易地被吸收,口服时通过消化道吸收,或者当外用时通过皮肤吸收。溴化物在组织中的分布已被报道。
/Ethylene dibromide is/ ... readily & rapidly absorbed from lung when breathed as vapor, GI tract when taken by mouth, or through skin when applied topically. ... Distribution of bromide in the tissues /reported/. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在给豚鼠注射了(14)C-乙烯二溴化物(剂量为30毫克/千克)后,发现(14)C含量最高的组织是那些出现病理变化的组织(肾脏、肝脏和肾上腺)。剂量的65%以代谢物的形式通过尿液排出,12%未变化,通过呼出的空气排出。
After ip admin of (14)C-ethylene dibromide to guinea pigs (30 mg/kg), greatest concn of (14)C was found in those tissues in which pathological changes ... reported (kidneys, liver & adrenals). 65% Of dose was excreted as metabolites in urine & 12% unchanged in expired air.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在给小鼠口服40毫克/千克体重的(14)C-乙烯二溴化物24小时后,40%以代谢物的形式通过尿液排出,15%……存在于体内组织中,包括血液中的6%。除血液外,每克组织中活性最高的是肾脏和胃(包括胃内容物)。
Twenty-four hr after ip admin of 40 mg/kg body wt (14)C-ethylene dibromide to mice, 40% was excreted as metabolites in the urine, and 15% ... accounted for in the body tissues, incl 6% in the blood. The highest activity per gram of tissue, excepting the blood, was found in the kidney and stomach (incl stomach contents).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在给大鼠和小鼠注射了(14)C-溴代乙烷之后...该化合物在体内广泛分布,肝脏、肾脏和小肠中的浓度较高。在24小时后,肝脏和肾脏中的RNA、DNA和蛋白质含有不可逆结合的(14)C。
After admin ip injections of (14)C-ethylene dibromide to rats and mice ... cmpd was widely distributed, with concn in liver, kidney, & small intestine. At 24 hr the liver and kidney contain irreversibly bound (14)C in RNA, DNA, and protein.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    E
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 0.045 ppm, Ceiling: 0.13 ppm [15-minute]
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    6.1
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    46 ppm (354 mg/m3)
  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S26,S36/37,S36/37/39,S45,S53,S61,S7
  • 危险类别码:
    R23/24/25,R45,R36/37/38,R51/53
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2903310000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1605 6.1/PG 1
  • 危险类别:
    6.1
  • RTECS号:
    KH9275000
  • 包装等级:
    I
  • 储存条件:
    1. **储存注意事项**:应储存在阴凉、通风的库房中,远离火种和热源,并确保容器密封。需与氧化剂、碱金属及食用化学品分开存放,避免混合储存。储存区域应配备泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。 2. **贮运条件和防护要求**:同溴甲烷,注意避免与铝、镁、钾、钠等物质接触或与强碱和富氯物质接触。国际航空运输联合法规将其归类为第727条毒物B。

SDS

SDS:f34c2d54e207189cddc565b4498cd322
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国标编号: 61565
CAS: 106-93-4
中文名称: 1,2-二溴乙烷
英文名称: 1,2-dibromoethane
别 名: 乙撑二溴
分子式: C 2 H 4 Br 2 ;BrCH 2 CH 2 Br
分子量: 187.88
熔 点: 9.3℃ 沸点:131.4℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)2.17;
蒸汽压: 30℃
溶解性: 微溶于水,可混溶于多数有机溶剂
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色质重有甜味的液体
危险标记: 14(有毒品)
用 途: 用作溶剂,用于有机合成,制造杀虫剂、药品等

2、对环境的影响
该物质对环境有危害,对大气臭氧层有极强破坏力。对哺乳动物和鸟类应给予特别注意。
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:具有中度麻醉作用。对皮肤粘膜有刺激作用。重者可致肺炎和肺水肿。对中枢神经有抑制作用。可致肝、肾损害。
急性中毒:可有头痛、头晕、耳鸣、全身无力、面色苍白、恶心、呕吐,可死于心力衰竭。引起皮炎和结膜炎。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:潜在致癌物。
急性毒性:LD 50 108mg/kg(大鼠经口);300mg/kg(兔经皮);LC 50 0.384g/m 3 (大鼠吸入);人经口140mg/kg,致死。
亚急性慢性毒性:大鼠/兔吸入0.768g/m 3 ×7小时/日×5日/周×6个月,实验动物死亡率较对照高存活动物和肺、肝、肾重量增加。
致突变性:微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌500nmol/皿;大肠杆菌20uL/皿。姊妹染色体交换:人淋巴细胞10nmol/L。
生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0):80ppm (24小时),致胎鼠死亡。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)对睾丸、附睾、输精管、性腺、尿道及雄性生育指数有影响。
致癌性:大鼠吸入20ppm×7小时/日×18月,肝细胞癌及肝血管肉瘤等。
危险特性:受高热分解产生有毒的溴化物气体。与强氧化剂接触可发生化学反应。
燃烧(分解)产物:溴化氢。 3、现场应急监测方法
4、实验室监测方法
气相色谱法《水和废水标准检验法》19版译文,江苏省监测中心
色谱/质谱法,美国EPA524.2方法 5、环境标准
美国 车间卫生标准 5ppm
美国(1981) 食物和饲料中容许残留限值 0.001mg/kg(大豆)
嗅觉阈浓度 26ppm

6、应急处理处置方法


一、泄漏应急处理
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并立即隔离150米,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源,防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土、蛭石或其它惰性材料吸收。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容。用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法:用控制焚烧法,焚烧系统要按装洗涤器和贮灰装

制备方法与用途

理化性质

1,2-二溴乙烷是一种无色透明液体,微溶于水,能与乙醇、乙醚等多种有机溶剂混合。在光照下会稍有分解。

应用

1,2-二溴乙烷可用作乙基化试剂和溶剂;在农业上用作杀线虫剂及合成植物生长调节剂;医药上用于合成二乙基溴苯乙腈中间体、溴乙烯以及乙烯叉二溴苯阻燃剂;还用作汽油抗震液中铅的消除剂、金属表面处理剂和灭火剂等。车用汽油通常采用二溴乙烷与二氯乙烷混合物以降低成本,而航空汽油则使用纯二溴乙烷。

化学性质

1,2-二溴乙烷在常温常压下是一种具有挥发性的无色液体,有特殊甜味。其凝固点为9.79℃,沸点为131.4℃,在34℃(1.86kPa)时蒸气压力最大,熔点为9.9℃,冰点为-8.3℃,相对密度2.1792,折射率分别为1.5387和1.5380,粘度(20℃)为1.727mPa·s,表面张力(20℃)为38.91mN/m。常温下比较稳定,但在光照下能缓缓分解为有毒物质。它能与乙醇、乙醚、四氯化碳、苯、汽油等多种有机溶剂互溶,并形成共沸物,可溶于约250倍的水中。具有类似氯仿的气味,能乳化,并且与液氨混合至室温会发生爆炸。

用途

1,2-二溴乙烷用于有机合成和作为溶剂。

用途

该物质用作有机合成中间体。

生产方法

1.乙烯溴化法:工业生产采用乙烯与溴进行非催化加成,反应速度随温度升高而增加。排放尾气中含过剩的乙烯和HBr,经洗涤塔用水洗涤脱除HBr后回收过剩乙烯。 2.乙烷溴化法。 3.乙二醇和溴氢酸反应法。

分类 农药 毒性分级
  • 高毒
    • 口服毒性:大鼠 LD50: 108 毫克/公斤,小鼠 LD50: 250 毫克/公斤
刺激数据
  • 皮肤刺激:兔子1% /14天 重度
  • 眼睛刺激:兔子 1% 中度
可燃性危险特性

受热分解产生溴化物气体。

储运特性

库房需保持通风、低温干燥;与氧化剂和食品添加剂分开存放。

灭火剂

干粉、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

职业标准
  • 时间加权平均容许浓度(TWA):145 毫克/立方米
  • 短时间接触容许浓度(STEL):225 毫克/立方米

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    1,2-二溴乙烷 作用下, 生成 哌嗪
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Hofmann,A. W., Chemische Berichte, 1890, vol. 23, p. 3299
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    乙二醇1,2-二溴四氯乙烷三苯基膦 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 0.15h, 以96%的产率得到1,2-二溴乙烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    1,2-二溴四氯乙烷:一种有效的试剂,可通过修饰的Appel反应进行许多转化
    摘要:
    已开发出一种高效且简便的方法,可在温和的条件下使用三苯基膦(PPh $ _ {3})$ / 1,2-二溴四氯乙烷(DBTCE)络合物在多种条件下从多种醇中合成烷基溴化物,且收率极高,且时间短( 5分钟)。该方法也可以用于以非常高的对映体过量将手性醇转化为其相应的溴化物。PPh $ _ {3} $ / DBTCE配合物也已成功应用于温和条件下环状醚的开环反应。通过在这项工作中对Appel反应方案进行修改,还可以在非常温和的实验条件下成功完成酯化,酰胺化和酸酐的形成。
    DOI:
    10.3906/kim-1804-41
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    4-methyl-4-((3-phenylprop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 在 diiodo(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer 、 palladium diacetate 、 四丁基碘化铵potassium carbonate1,2-二溴乙烷2-二环己基磷-2,4,6-三异丙基联苯 作用下, 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂, 反应 30.0h, 生成 (Z)-7a-Methyl-3-((E)-1-phenyl-3-(p-tolyl)allylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5(7aH)-one
    参考文献:
    名称:
    钌和碘阴离子共催化级联二卤化和内部炔系环己二烯与 1,2-二卤乙烷的环化
    摘要:
    我们建立了一种高效的钌(II)和碘阴离子共催化二卤化和内炔束缚环己二烯酮的级联环化,其在温和条件下以高产率立体选择性地提供了大量具有生物活性氢苯并呋喃骨架的二卤化产物。在该转化中,反应途径由亲电子碘试剂的浓度决定,这也为控制反应选择性提供了策略。此外,该方法的特点是通过碘阴离子催化剂使用1,2-二卤乙烷作为卤素源。
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.joc.4c00951
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文献信息

  • Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
    申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US20150231142A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
    The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
    本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物(A式、B式、C式或D式)的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方,以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病,特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
  • Synthesis and biochemical activities of antiproliferative amino acid and phosphate derivatives of microtubule-disrupting β-lactam combretastatins
    作者:Niamh M. O'Boyle、Lisa M. Greene、Niall O. Keely、Shu Wang、Tadhg S. Cotter、Daniela M. Zisterer、Mary J. Meegan
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.016
    日期:2013.4
    The synthesis and biochemical activities of novel water-soluble β-lactam analogues of combretastatin A-4 are described. The first series of compounds investigated, β-lactam phosphate esters 7a, 8a and 9a, exhibited potent antiproliferative activity and caused microtubule disruption in human breast carcinoma-derived MCF-7 cells. They did not inhibit tubulin polymerisation in vitro, indicating that biotransformation
    描述了康布雷他汀A-4的新型水溶性β-内酰胺类似物的合成和生化活性。研究的第一批化合物,β-内酰胺磷酸酯7a,8a和9a,在人乳腺癌衍生的MCF-7细胞中表现出有效的抗增殖活性并引起微管破坏。它们在体外没有抑制微管蛋白的聚合,表明生物转化是其在MCF-7细胞中的抗增殖和微管蛋白结合作用所必需的。第二系列化合物,β-内酰胺氨基酸酰胺(包括10k和11l)在MCF-7细胞中显示出强大的抗增殖活性,在MCF-7细胞中破坏了微管,并且在体外也抑制了微管蛋白的聚合。这表明与磷酸盐系列相反,β-内酰胺酰胺不需要代谢活化即可具有抗增殖作用。这两个系列的化合物均引起MCF-7细胞的有丝分裂灾难和细胞凋亡。分子模型研究表明,在微管蛋白的秋水仙碱结合位点中,β-内酰胺氨基酸酰胺10k和11l具有潜在的结合构象。由于它们的水溶性和强大的生化作用,这些化合物有望作为微管破坏剂进一步开发。
  • [EN] SUBSTITUTED N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXAMIDES AS ACID CERAMIDASE INHIBITORS AND THEIR USE AS MEDICAMENTS<br/>[FR] CARBOXAMIDES N-HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES SUBSTITUÉS UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE LA CÉRAMIDASE ACIDE ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QUE MÉDICAMENTS
    申请人:BIAL BIOTECH INVEST INC
    公开号:WO2021055627A1
    公开(公告)日:2021-03-25
    The invention provides substituted N-heterocyclic carboxamides and related compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat a medical disorder, e.g., cancer, lysosomal storage disorder, neurodegenerative disorder, inflammatory disorder, in a patient.
    这项发明提供了替代的N-杂环羧酰胺和相关化合物,含有这些化合物的组合物,医疗工具包,以及使用这些化合物和组合物治疗患者的医疗疾病(例如癌症、溶酶体贮积症、神经退行性疾病、炎症性疾病)的方法。
  • Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and biological application of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes bearing hemilabile (κ2-<i>C</i>,<i>S</i>)-thioether-functionalised NHC ligands
    作者:Weiguang Chen、Julien Egly、Amalia I. Poblador-Bahamonde、Aline Maisse-Francois、Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz、Thierry Achard
    DOI:10.1039/c9dt04825a
    日期:——
    suggesting that the only species observed by the 1H-NMR correspond to an average resonance position of a fluxional mixtures of isomers. All these complexes were found to catalyse the oxydant-free double dehydrogenation of primary amine into nitrile. Ru complex bearing NHC-functionalised S-tBu group was further investigated in a wide range of amines and was found more selective for alkyl amine substrates than
    一系列阳离子的Ru(II)(η 6 - p -cymene)络合物与硫醚官能的N-杂环碳烯配体已经制备和完全表征。研究了R硫醚取代基对硫原子配位的立体和电子影响。他们三个的分子结构已通过X射线衍射仪来测定并证实了二齿(κ 2 - Ç,小号)配位体的配位模式。有趣的是,对于配合物1c,1i和1j,在固态下仅观察到一个单一的非对映体(对映体对)。DFT计算通过带有R供体基团的硫锥体转化途径在两个非对映异构体之间建立了一个低能转化障碍,而带有R取代基的含电子吸收基团的解离/缔合机制更可能,因此表明1 1 H-NMR对应于异构体的流动混合物的平均共振位置。发现所有这些配合物都催化伯胺的无氧化剂无双脱氢成腈。Ru复合轴承NHC功能化S- t在广泛的胺类中进一步研究了Bu基团,发现对烷基胺底物的选择性比对苄胺衍生物的选择性高。最后,报道了四种选择的Ru配合物对各种人类癌细胞的生物学效应的初步结果。
  • Acetylenic &agr;-amino acid-based sulfonamide hydroxamic acid tace inhibitors
    申请人:American Cyanamid Company
    公开号:US06225311B1
    公开(公告)日:2001-05-01
    Compounds of the formula: are useful in treating disease conditions mediated by TNF-&agr;, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sepsis, AIDS, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and degenerative cartilage loss.
    该式化合物在治疗由TNF-α介导的疾病条件中很有用,如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、败血症、艾滋病、溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化症、克罗恩病和软骨退行性损失。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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