IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,3-Propanediol (PDO) is a colorless to pale yellow, very viscous liquid. It is mainly used in the production of polytrimethylene terephthalate polymer, which is used in fibers and fabrics, for example, textiles, engineering thermoplastics, and monofilaments. PDO also finds uses in cosmetics and personal care products, engine coolants, and solvents for ink-jet and screen inks. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In a single reported case study, the body of a 45-year-old female was found, with a suicide note and two antifreeze containers. Analysis of the body fluid collected from the decedent showed the presence of 58 mg/dL ethanol, but suspected ethylene glycol was not found in the sample. However, an unusually large peak of internal standard, PDO, was found in the sample. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of PDO, the concentration was determined to be 445 mg/dL. ANIMAL STUDIES: PDO was studied to determine the potential effects following repeated inhalation exposures to rats. Rats were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 2 weeks (9 exposures) to vapor or vapor/aerosol mixtures of either 0, 41, 650, or 1800 mg PDO/cubic meters. In vivo responses were observed or measured daily. No unusual external signs of response were seen, and no deaths were encountered. Clinical pathology (blood counts, serum chemical parameters) and tissue pathology (gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology) examinations in the exposed rats were similar to those in the unexposed controls. The highest concentration tested, 1800 mg/ cubic meters, which was the highest concentration that could practically be generated, was the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for this study. PDO does not appear to pose a significant hazard via inhalation of either the vapor or a vapor/aerosol mixture. PDO was non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100, and TA102 with or without activation. PDO is non-mutagenic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test. It was also negative for the induction of structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster V79 cells in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Macrocycles of the bisbibenzyl-type are natural products that are found exclusively in bryophytes (liverworts). The molecular framework of the subtype “isoplagiochin” is of substantial structural interest because of the chirality of the entire molecule, which arises from two biaryl axes in combination with two helical two-carbon units in a cyclic arrangement. From a structural as well as a synthetic point of view we report on the total synthesis of compounds which possess more rigid two-carbon biaryl bridges like stilbene (E or Z) or even tolane moieties which were introduced starting with a Sonogashira protocol. The McMurry method proved to be a powerful tool for the cyclization to these considerably ring-strained macrocycles.
Chlorinated bisbibenzyls of the isoplagiochin type detected in different bryophyte species were synthesized by an efficient and flexible unit construction system making extensive use of Suzuki and Wittig protocols.