申请人:The Regents of the University of California
公开号:US05569783A1
公开(公告)日:1996-10-29
The present invention relates to a process to produce 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATB) or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6,-trinitrobenzene (TATB) by: (a) reacting at ambient pressure and a temperature of between about 0.degree. and 50.degree. C. for between about 0.1 and 24 hr, a trinitroaromatic compound of structure V: ##STR1## wherein X, Y, and Z are each independently selected from --H, or --NH.sub.2, with the proviso that at least 1 or 2 of X, Y, and Z are hydrogen, with an amount effective to produce DATB or TATB of 1,1,1-trialkylhydrazinium halide wherein alkyl is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and halide is selected from chloride, bromide or iodide. in the presence of a strong base selected from sodium butoxide, potassium butoxide, potassium propoxide, sodium propoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, and combinations thereof; in a solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, dimethylsulphoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, hexamethylphosphoramide, dimethylformide, dimethylacetamide and mixtures thereof, provided that when alcohols are present primarily DATB and picramide is formed; and (b) isolating the DATB or TATB produced. DATB and TATB are useful specialty explosives. TATB is also used for the preparation of benzenehexamine, a starting material for the synthesis of novel materials (optical imaging devices, liquid crystals, ferromagnetic compounds).
本发明涉及一种生产1,3-二氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(DATB)或1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的方法,包括:(a)在常压下,温度在0℃至50℃之间,反应式V的三硝基芳香化合物:
其中X、Y和Z分别独立地选自--H或--NH2,但至少1或2个X、Y和Z是氢,与一定量的1,1,1-三烷基肼卤化物反应,其中烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,卤化物选自氯化物、溴化物或碘化物,同时存在强碱,所述强碱选自丁氧基钾、丁氧基钠、丙氧基钾、丙氧基钠、乙氧基钠、乙氧基钾、甲氧基钠、甲氧基钾和它们的组合物,在所选溶剂中进行反应,所选溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、六甲基膦酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺和它们的混合物,当存在醇时主要形成DATB和苦味酰胺;(b)分离所生产的DATB或TATB。DATB和TATB是有用的专用炸药。TATB也用于制备苯并六胺,这是合成新材料(光学成像设备、液晶、铁磁性化合物)的起始材料。