Synthesis and Pharmacology of Conformationally Restricted Raloxifene Analogues: Highly Potent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
摘要:
The 2-arylbenzothiophene raloxifene, 1, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is currently under clinical evaluation for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In vivo structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies have indicated that the orientation of the basic amine-containing side chain of 1, relative to the stilbene plane, is an important discriminating factor for the maintenance of tissue selectivity. We have constructed a series of analogues of 1 in which this side chain is held in an orientation which is orthogonal to the stilbene plane, similar to the low-energy conformation predicted for raloxifene. Herein, we report on the synthesis of these compounds and on their activity in a series of in vitro and in vivo biological assays reflective of the SERM profile. In particular, we describe their ability to (I) bind the estrogen receptor, (2) antagonize estrogen-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro, (3) stimulate TGF-beta 3 gene expression in cell culture, (4) inhibit the uterine effects of ethynyl estradiol in immature rats, and (5) potently reduce serum cholesterol and protect against osteopenia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats without estrogen-like stimulation of uterine tissue. These data demonstrate that one of these compounds, LY357489, 4, is among the most potent SERMs described to date with in vivo efficacy on bone and cholesterol metabolism in OVX rats at doses as low as 0.01 mg/kg/d.
A nickel-catalyzed tandem reaction involving cyclic esterification/C–S bond formation for synthesizing 5-oxa-11-thia-benzofluoren-6-ones
作者:Rongrong Cai、Qicai Wei、Runsheng Xu
DOI:10.1039/d0ra04367b
日期:——
A nickel-catalyzed tandemreaction involving cyclic esterification/C–S bond formation has been developed. Starting from samples containing 3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acids with 2-halide-benzenethiols, versatile biologically active 5-oxa-11-thia-benzofluoren-6-one compounds were efficiently synthesized in good to high yields. This new methodology provides an economical approach toward C–S bond formation
Synthesis and antifungal activity of some 2-aryl-3-hydroxymethylbenzo[b]thiophenes
作者:TAI Nakib、MJ Meegan、AM Looney、ML Burke
DOI:10.1016/0223-5234(92)90031-u
日期:1992.12
This paper describes the preparation of a series of 2-aryl-3-hydroxymethylbenzo[b]thiophenes and 2-aryl-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophenes. All of the products were examined for antifungal activity and many of the compounds displayed good activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon cutaneum.