四氢苯酐(THPA),简称四氢苯酐,分子式为C8H8O3。它是环氧树脂的重要固化剂、不饱和聚酯树脂和醇酸树脂的有效改性剂,并且是农药及医药品合成的关键中间体。其合成过程通常通过Diels-Alder缩合反应完成,具体表现为含有烯键的不饱和顺酐作为亲双烯体与丁二烯发生1,4加成反应。
应用四氢苯酐广泛应用于化工领域,如用于环氧树脂固化剂、增塑剂、醇酸树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂。此外,它还被用来生产表面活性剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、除草剂、植物生长抑制剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、防虫剂以及纤维处理剂和润滑油添加剂等。
用途四氢苯酐是一种顺酐的下游产品,是性能优良的新一代有机酸酐类环氧树脂固化剂。它能够显著提升醇酸树脂和不饱和树脂涂料的附着力、弹性、光泽及耐水性;作为增塑剂使用时,可以提高PVC的耐寒性和耐热性,并且无毒。四氢苯酐在电子电器工业和航空航天领域有广泛应用。同时,它是合成表面活性剂、医药农药产品的重要原料。
制备制备方法如下:将100克顺酐加热至熔化状态,加入0.3克对苯二酚(阻聚剂)和0.5克五氧化二磷(异构化催化剂)。以每分钟1.0克的速度通入混合碳四,同时保持反应温度在100-105℃之间。通过气相色谱跟踪分析反应混合物成分的变化;当顺酐含量降至零时,将反应温度提高至160℃并继续反应2小时。随后进行减压蒸馏,并收集120-140℃/5mmHg的馏分,最终得到无色透明液体133克,纯度为99.2%,收率为85%,凝固点低于15℃。
化学性质四氢苯酐溶于大多数有机溶剂,微溶于石油醚。外观呈白色片状固体,熔点为100℃,闪点为156℃。
用途作为有机合成原料中间体,四氢苯酐主要用来生产醇酸树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂和涂料,并用作环氧树脂的固化剂。此外,它还用于制造杀虫剂、硫化调节剂、增塑剂和表面活性剂等。在制备不饱和聚酯树脂时,四氢苯酐能够提高树脂的气干性,在高档树脂原子灰及气干性涂料中表现尤为突出。
生产方法目前国内外四氢苯酐的主要生产工艺是通过顺丁烯二酸酐与1,3-丁二烯在催化剂存在的条件下进行加成反应。该传统而经典的方法尚未有新的生产方法或工艺路线的报道。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | trans-Δ4-Tetrahydro-phthalsaeure-anhydrid | 13149-03-6 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | trans-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid | —— | C8H10O4 | 170.165 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en-9-one | 2744-05-0 | C8H10O2 | 138.166 |
—— | (3aS,7aR)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 88586-06-5 | C8H10O2 | 138.166 |
—— | (1S*,6R*)-8-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-3-ene-7-one | 77210-71-0 | C8H10O2 | 138.166 |
5,6-二甲基-3a,4,7,7a-四氢-2-苯并呋喃-1,3-二酮 | 5,6-Dimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione | 13303-36-1 | C10H12O3 | 180.203 |
—— | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dipentyl ester | 94259-70-8 | C18H30O4 | 310.434 |
—— | cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diethyl diester | 4841-85-4 | C12H18O4 | 226.273 |
—— | (+/-)-cis-cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 4325-56-8 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | (1S,6R)-6-((allyloxy)carbonyl)cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | 1384966-57-7 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis-(3-chloro-propyl ester) | —— | C14H20Cl2O4 | 323.216 |
二烯丙基四氢邻苯二甲酸酯 | Tetrahydrophthalsaeure-diallylester | 7495-85-4 | C14H18O4 | 250.295 |
—— | (1S,2R)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid | 88335-94-8 | C9H12O4 | 184.192 |
—— | 1-methyl hydrogen 1,2-cis-1,2-cyclohex-4-ene dicarboxylate | 93603-11-3 | C9H12O4 | 184.192 |
—— | (1R,7E,14S,19R,35S)-3,12,21,24,27,30,33-heptaoxatricyclo[33.4.0.014,19]nonatriaconta-7,16,37-triene-2,13,20,34-tetrone | 929539-25-3 | C32H46O11 | 606.711 |
—— | 2-O-[2-[2-[2-[2-[(1R,6S)-6-pent-4-enoxycarbonylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl]oxyethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl] 1-O-pent-4-enyl (1R,2S)-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate | 929539-10-6 | C34H50O11 | 634.764 |
甲基(1S,6R)-6-甲基-3-环己烯-1-羧酸酯 | (+/-)-cis-1-carbomethoxy-2-methyl-4-cyclohexene | 15111-54-3 | C9H14O2 | 154.209 |
CIS-4-环己烯-1,2-二甲酸二甲酯 | dimethyl cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalate | 4841-84-3 | C10H14O4 | 198.219 |
二甲基环己-3-烯-1,6-二羧酸酯 | dimethyl cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate | 7500-55-2 | C10H14O4 | 198.219 |
—— | (1R,6S)-6-[2-[2-[2-[(1R,6S)-6-carboxycyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl]oxyethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxycarbonyl]cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid | 888485-47-0 | C22H30O10 | 454.474 |
—— | 1-O-[2-[2-[(1R,6S)-6-prop-2-enoxycarbonylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl]oxyethoxy]ethyl] 2-O-prop-2-enyl (1S,2R)-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate | 929539-06-0 | C26H34O9 | 490.551 |
—— | 1-O-[2-[2-[2-[2-[(1R,6S)-6-prop-2-enoxycarbonylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl]oxyethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl] 2-O-prop-2-enyl (1S,2R)-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate | 929539-05-9 | C30H42O11 | 578.657 |
—— | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis-(β-chloro-isopropyl ester) | —— | C14H20Cl2O4 | 323.216 |
—— | 1,2-cis-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride | 13149-00-3 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | (R)-(+)-methyl 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate | —— | C8H12O2 | 140.182 |
—— | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis-(β,β'-dichloro-isopropyl ester) | —— | C14H18Cl4O4 | 392.107 |
—— | cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid | 2305-26-2 | C8H10O4 | 170.165 |
4-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸 | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid | 88-98-2 | C8H10O4 | 170.165 |
—— | 2-O-[4-[(1R,6S)-6-prop-2-enoxycarbonylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbonyl]oxybut-2-ynyl] 1-O-prop-2-enyl (1R,2S)-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate | 929539-01-5 | C26H30O8 | 470.519 |
—— | (4aS,8aS)-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-Hexahydro-3H-2-benzopyran-3-one | 108098-51-7 | C9H12O2 | 152.193 |
—— | (3aR*,7aS*)-3,3-dimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisobenzofuranone | 17351-09-6 | C10H14O2 | 166.22 |
—— | (1R,6S)-6-Methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic Acid | 102629-35-6 | C8H12O2 | 140.182 |
—— | trans 3,3a cyclopentyl-3 cis 3a,7a tetrahydro-3a,4,7,7a (3H) isobenzofurannone-1 | 97181-91-4 | C13H18O2 | 206.285 |
—— | cis 3,3a cyclopentyl-3 cis 3a,7a tetrahydro-3a,4,7,7a (3H) isobenzofurannone-1 | 97181-91-4 | C13H18O2 | 206.285 |
(1S,6R)-6-乙酰基-3-环己烯-1-羧酸 | (1S,6R)-6-Acetylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid | 765319-38-8 | C9H12O3 | 168.192 |
—— | (1R,6S)-6-acetyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | —— | C9H12O3 | 168.192 |
—— | (+)-(1S,2R)-1-carbomethoxy-2-bromomethyl-4-cyclohexene | 134877-11-5 | C9H13BrO2 | 233.105 |
—— | (1S-cis)-6-Chlorcarbonyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carbonsaeure-methylester | —— | C9H11ClO3 | 202.638 |
—— | (1S,6R)-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7-one | 65376-02-5 | C8H12O2 | 140.182 |
—— | (1RS,6SR)-6-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | —— | C10H14O3 | 182.219 |
—— | cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono-(2-benzyloxy-ethyl ester) | —— | C17H20O5 | 304.343 |
—— | cis-4,5-bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)cyclohexene | 143857-90-3 | C18H30O4 | 310.434 |
—— | (1RS,6SR)-6-isobutyrylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | —— | C11H16O3 | 196.246 |
—— | acide (methyl-2 oxo-1 propyl)-2 cyclohexene-4 carboxylique trans | 97181-63-0 | C11H16O3 | 196.246 |
—— | 6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>-oct-3-en-7-one | 4720-83-6 | C7H8O2 | 124.139 |
—— | 3'a,7'a-cis-3'a,4',7',7'a-Tetrahydrospiro |
74279-80-4 | C12H16O2 | 192.258 |
—— | ((1R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)methyl acetate | —— | C10H16O3 | 184.235 |
—— | (1S,6R)-6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | 648433-18-5 | C15H16O4 | 260.29 |
—— | (1R,6S)-6-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | —— | C15H16O4 | 260.29 |
—— | 6-carbamoylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | 1469-49-4 | C8H11NO3 | 169.18 |
(R)-3-环己烯甲酸 | (R)-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid | 5709-98-8 | C7H10O2 | 126.155 |
—— | cis-8-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-3-ene | 3471-41-8 | C8H12O | 124.183 |
—— | (1S,2R)-cis-2-p-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl-cyclohex-4-ene-1-carboxylic acid | —— | C16H18O4 | 274.317 |
—— | (1S,2R)-1-bromomethyl-2-methanol-4-cyclohexene acetate | 132883-46-6 | C10H15BrO2 | 247.132 |