目前,世界公认的维生素共有14种。大多数维生素在体内无法合成且缺乏贮存机制,因此需经常从食物中摄取;少数维生素则可在体内自行合成或由肠道细菌产生,并能在体内有一定的储存量。在正常饮食下,通常很少会出现维生素缺乏的情况。然而,当食物中缺乏某些维生素、因疾病导致摄入不足、吸收障碍,或是机体对维生素需求增加,甚至由于某些药物的干扰作用导致维生素合成减少时,就可能引发维生素缺乏症。
矿物质是维持人体营养和生理功能所必需的一类无机化合物,其中某些维生素与矿物质之间可能存在协同效应。一些矿物质的需求量较大,在体内占比较大比重,如钙、钾、磷、钠、氯和镁等;而另一些则需求量较小,其含量仅占人体重量的极小比例,被称为微量元素,例如铁、锌、硒、锰、碘和铜等。这些元素对人体生理功能具有重要作用。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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泛酸钙 | 305808-23-5 | C9H19CaNO6 |
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泛酸根 | pantothenate | 20938-62-9 | C9H16NO5 |
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水合葡(萄)糖酸锌 | zinc;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate | 4468-02-4 | C12H22O14Zn |
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氯化锌 | Zinc chloride | 7646-85-7 | Cl2Zn |
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核黄素磷酸钠 | Riboflavin sodium phosphate, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard | 130-40-5 | C17H21N4NaO9P |
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曲克芦丁 | troxerutin | 7085-55-4 | C33H42O19 |
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左旋肉碱 | L-carnitine | 541-15-1 | C7H15NO3 |
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左亚叶酸钙 | 80433-71-2 | C20H23CaN7O7 |
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呋喃硫胺及盐酸呋喃硫胺 | N-[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-N-[5-hydroxy-3-(oxolan-2-ylmethyldisulfanyl)pent-2-en-2-yl]formamide;hydrochloride | 2105-43-3 | C17H27ClN4O3S2 |
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呋喃硫胺 | fursultiamine | 804-30-8 | C17H26N4O3S2 |
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吡多胺 | pyridoxamine | 85-87-0 | C8H12N2O2 |
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双氢速甾醇 | Dihydrotachysterol2 | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
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亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌 | 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone sodium bisulfate | 130-37-0 | C11H10NaO5S |
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亚叶酸钙 | 1492-18-8 | C20H23N7O7.Ca |
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亚叶酸 | folinic acid | 58-05-9 | C20H23N7O7 |
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乳清酸钙 | 22454-86-0 | C5H4CaN2O4 |
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乳清酸 | orotic acid monohydrate | 50887-69-9 | C5H4N2O4*H2O |
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乳清酸 | orotic acid | 65-86-1 | C5H4N2O4 |
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乙吗芦丁 | Ethoxazorutoside | 30851-76-4 | C33H41NO17 |
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β-胡萝卜素 | beta-carotene | 7235-40-7 | C40H56 |
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β-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 | NAD | 53-84-9 | C21H27N7O14P2 |
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[(2S,3R,4R)-5-(7,8-二甲基-2,4-二氧代苯并[g]蝶啶-10-基)-2,3,4-三羟基戊基]磷酸二氢酯 | <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-phosphono-riboflavin | 34469-63-1 | C17H21N4O9P |
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DL-肉碱 | L-carnitine | 406-76-8 | C7H15NO3 |
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D-脱硫生物素 | desthiobiotin | 533-48-2 | C10H18N2O3 |
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D-生物素 | biotin | 58-85-5 | C10H16N2O3S |
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D-泛酸钠 | D-Pantothenate Sodium | 867-81-2 | C9H17NNaO5 |
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D-泛酸钙 | 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid calcium | 137-08-6 | C9H17CaNO5 |
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D-泛酸 | pantothenic acid | 79-83-4 | C9H17NO5 |
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D-α-生育酚琥珀酸酯 | vitamin E succinate | 4345-03-3 | C33H54O5 |
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9-顺式视黄醇 | 9-cis-retinol | 22737-97-9 | C20H30O |
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9-顺式视黄基棕榈酸酯 | retinol palmitate | 34356-29-1 | C36H60O2 |
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2-甲基-3-羟基-4,5-二羟甲基吡啶 | 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol | 65-23-6 | C8H11NO3 |
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2-甲基-3-(3,7,11,15-四甲基十六-2-烯基)-1,4-萘醌 | phytomenadione | 79083-00-4 | C31H46O2 |
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1,4-二羟基-2-甲基萘 | 2-methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone | 481-85-6 | C11H10O2 |
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—— | Manganese, monosulfate, monohydrate | 10034-96-5 | H2MnO5S-2 |
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—— | Calcium folinate | 58-05-9 | C20H23CaN7O7+2 |
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—— | vitamin D<sub>2</sub> | 137174-35-7 | C28H44O |
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—— | (S,E)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((R)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-7a-methylhexahydro-1H-inden-4(2H)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol | 19356-17-3 | C27H44O2 |
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—— | Hydroxocobalamin (hydrochloride) | 13422-52-1 | C62H91ClCoN13O15P |
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—— | Calcium;2-[[4-[(2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-3,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioate;pentahydrate | 41927-89-3 | C20H31CaN7O12 |
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—— | L-Ascorbic acid, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate), magnesium salt (2:3) | 114040-31-2 | C12H10Mg3O18P2-2 |
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—— | calcium (S)-pantothenate | 137-08-6 | 2C9H16NO5*Ca |
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—— | Calcifediol hydrate | 63283-36-3 | C27H46O3 |
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—— | Vitamin c magnesium phosphate | 113170-55-1 | C12H18Mg3O18P2 |
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—— | 3-[2,7-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-17-[3-[2-[[5-(5,6-dimethyl-3H-benzimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxypropylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-18-(2-imino-2-oxidoethyl)-3,13-bis(3-imino-3-oxidopropyl)-1,2,5,7,12,12,15,17-octamethyl-3,8,13,18,19,22-hexahydrocorrin-8-yl]propanimidate;cobalt(3+);hydrate;hydrochloride | 58288-50-9 | C62H90ClCoN13O15P |
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—— | menaquinone-7 | 2124-57-4 | C46H64O2 |
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—— | (1S),3(R)-bis<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-9,10-secocholesta-5(Z),7(E),10(19)-trien-25-ol | 140710-96-9 | C39H72O3Si2 |
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—— | pyridoxine hydrochloride cation radical | 65-23-6 | C8H10NO3*H |
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—— | DL-α-Glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate | 1555-56-2 | C3H7O6P*2Na |
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—— | 11-cis-retinal | 116-31-4 | C20H28O |
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