维生素类与矿物质类药
目前，世界公认的维生素共有14种。大多数维生素在体内无法合成且缺乏贮存机制，因此需经常从食物中摄取；少数维生素则可在体内自行合成或由肠道细菌产生，并能在体内有一定的储存量。在正常饮食下，通常很少会出现维生素缺乏的情况。然而，当食物中缺乏某些维生素、因疾病导致摄入不足、吸收障碍，或是机体对维生素需求增加，甚至由于某些药物的干扰作用导致维生素合成减少时，就可能引发维生素缺乏症。
矿物质是维持人体营养和生理功能所必需的一类无机化合物，其中某些维生素与矿物质之间可能存在协同效应。一些矿物质的需求量较大，在体内占比较大比重，如钙、钾、磷、钠、氯和镁等；而另一些则需求量较小，其含量仅占人体重量的极小比例，被称为微量元素，例如铁、锌、硒、锰、碘和铜等。这些元素对人体生理功能具有重要作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 50-81-7 | C6H8O6 |
|
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| —— | 1α-hydroxy-5,6-trans-vitamin D3 | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | (2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol | 59-02-9 | C29H50O2 |
|
| —— | 1α-hydroxy-5,6-trans-vitamin D3 | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | Thiamine chloride | 59-43-8 | C12H16N4OS*ClH |
|
| —— | 1α-hydroxy-5,6-trans-vitamin D3 | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2<i>t</i>,6<i>c</i>,10<i>t</i>,14-tetraenyl)-[1,4]naphthoquinone | 863-61-6 | C31H40O2 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2<i>t</i>,6<i>t</i>,10<i>c</i>,14-tetraenyl)-[1,4]naphthoquinone | 863-61-6 | C31H40O2 |
|
| —— | carbanide;cobalt(3+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(2R,3R,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate | 13422-55-4 | C63H91CoN13O14P |
|
| —— | (1S)-3-[2-[(1R,7aR)-1-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol | 50-14-6 | C28H44O |
|
| —— | (1S,3E,4S)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | (5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[1-(6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol | 32222-06-3 | C27H44O3 |
|
| —— | Menadiol Sodium Sulfate | 1612-30-2 | C11H8Na2O8S2 |
|
| —— | Calcium beta-glycerophosphate | 27214-00-2 | C3H7CaO6P |
|
| —— | Natrii morrhuas | 8031-09-2 | C20H18N6Na2O9S |
|
| —— | Dihydro-tachysterol(2) | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | 4-Methyl-3-[2-[7a-methyl-1-((E)-1,4,5-trimethyl-hex-2-enyl)-octahydro-inden-(4E)-ylidene]-eth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohexanol | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | Zinc;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate | 4468-02-4 | C12H22O14Zn |
|
| —— | (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylenecyclohexane-1,3-diol | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | cobalt(3+);[(2R,3R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(2S,5Z,10Z,12R,15Z,18R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate;cyanide | 68-19-9 | C63H88CoN14O14P |
|
| —— | alfacalcidol | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | Adenosylcobalamin | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P-3 |
|
| —— | (5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epivitamin D3/(5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epicholecalciferol | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | C27H44O3 |
|
| —— | (1S,3E,4S)-3-[(2E)-2-[(3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | (3E)-3-[(2Z)-2-[1-[(E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol | 50-14-6 | C28H44O |
|
| —— | 2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxanyl]oxymethyl]-2-oxanyl]oxy]-1-benzopyran-4-one | 7085-55-4 | C33H42O19 |
|
| —— | (S,Z)-3-((E)-2-((1R,3aS,7aR)-1-((2R,5R,E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-7a-methyldihydro-1H-inden-4(2H,5H,6H,7H,7aH)-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexanol | 50-14-6 | C28H44O |
|
| —— | Fursultiamine hydrochloride | 2105-43-3 | C17H27ClN4O3S2 |
|
| —— | Calderol | 63283-36-3 | C27H46O3 |
|
| —— | (1S,14S,17S,20S)-1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | C27H44O3 |
|
| —— | Davitamon D | 50-14-6 | C28H44O |
|
| —— | cobalt(2+);[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(2R,3S,4Z,7S,9Z,12S,13S,14Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] hydrogen phosphate;cyanide | 68-19-9 | C63H89CoN14O14P |
|
| —— | [5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(4Z,9Z,14Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl hydrogen phosphate | 68-19-9 | C62H89N13O14P- |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-methanidyloxolane-3,4-diol;cobalt(3+);[(3S,4R)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(5Z,10Z,15Z)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P |
|
| —— | Pharmakon1600-01505763 | 130-40-5 | C17H21N4NaO9P+ |
|
| —— | beta-Carotene beta,beta-Carotene Carotene Solatene trans-beta-Carotene | 7235-40-7 | C40H56 |
|
| —— | 6381-77-7 | C6H8NaO6 |
|
|
| —— | Parterol | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | (5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[7a-methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,3Z)-3-[(2Z)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(E,2S,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol | 50-14-6 | C28H44O |
|
| —— | Disodium beta-Glycerophosphate Salt Hydrate | 154804-51-0 | C3H9Na2O7P |
|
| —— | Cyclohexanol, 4-methyl-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-octahydro-7a-methyl-1-[(1R,2E,4R)-1,4,5-trimethyl-2-hexen-1-yl]-4H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-, (1S,3E,4S)- | 67-96-9 | C28H46O |
|
| —— | Cyanocobalamin;Cyanocob(III)alamin | 13408-78-1 | C63H88CoN14O14P |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-methanidyloxolane-3,4-diol;cobalt;[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2R)-1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,7S,12S,13S,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-21-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl] phosphate | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P-3 |
|
| —— | acetic acid;cobalt;[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] 1-[3-[(1R,2R,3R,5Z,7S,10Z,12S,13S,15Z,17S,18S,19R)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7,12,17-tetrahydro-1H-corrin-24-id-3-yl]propanoylamino]propan-2-yl phosphate | 22465-48-1 | C64H92CoN13O16P-2 |
|
| —— | Calomide (TN) | 13870-90-1 | C72H100CoN18O17P-3 |
|
| —— | Sodium 1-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propan-2-olate | 17603-42-8 | C3H8NaO6P |
|
| —— | [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate | 53-84-9 | C21H27N7O14P2 |
|
| —— | (+)-Pantothenic acid, calcium salt | 137-08-6 | C9H17CaNO5+2 |
|
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