The Lewis acid (2-propoxy)titanium trichloride is an efficient reagent for epoxide-initiated polyene cyclisations. Thus, 4 underwent tricyclisation to yield tricyclic products 5-7 in 73 % yield. The tetraene epoxide 1 gave pentacycle 15 in 21 % yield. The latter is the first example of a cationic pentacarbocyclisalion.
Tricyclization of an Epoxypolyene Utilizing Zeolites as Next-Generation Biomimetic Cyclization Promoters: Evidence of Surface and Pore Selectivity in the Cyclization Process
摘要:
A new approach for the biomimetic polyene cyclization of epoxyolefins is demonstrated by the zeolite-promoted tricyclization of 1. Reaction of 1 with a variety of zeolitic materials, including Zeolite A, Mordenite, Faujasite, and ZSM-5, yielded variable amounts of cyclic and acyclic epoxide-rearranged materials. Small-pore Zeolite A, in either the Na or Li form, caused the exclusive formation of ketone 3, while both H-Mordenite and H-ZSM-5 were sufficiently reactive to provide tricyclic products in modest yields. Low recovery of polyene 1 was observed when larger-pore zeolites of type Beta and H-Faujasite were utilized as cyclization promoters, suggesting that decomposition products had been included within the zeolite cavity. Dramatic improvement in reaction selectivity was achieved after surface dealumination of H-ZSM-5, which gave 52% (isolated yield) of tricycle 2. Compared to the Lewis acid cyclization of 1 by Ti(OiPr)Cl-3 or MeAlCl2, the reaction is highly stereoselective, producing the all-trans tricycle as the predominant product. These results, in conjunction with surface and pore deactivation studies using pyridine bases, suggest that the cyclization is initiated at the opening of the zeolite pores, with concurrent adsorption of the polyene onto the aluminosilicate surface.
Ferric chloride, an efficient promoter of cationic polyene cyclizations
作者:Stephanie E. Sen、Steven L. Roach、Sarah M. Smith、Yan zhi Zhang
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00738-2
日期:1998.6
The ability of ferric chloride to function as a promoter in biomimeticpolyenecyclizations was evaluated using epoxy-polyene 1 as substrate. Reaction of 1 with either FeCl3·6H2O or anhydrous FeCl3 yielded tricyclic alcohols 2a-c in excellent yield, with comparable efficiency to MeAlCl2 and Ti(i-OPr)Cl3. This method can be extended to the cyclization of other polyene substrates, as seen in the conversion