Two spirosteroid analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro neuroprotective activities in PC12 cells, against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in glucose deprivation conditions, as well as their anti-inflammatory potential in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated microglia primary cultures. We also evaluated the in vitro anti-excitotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of natural and endogenous steroids. Our results show that the plant-derived steroid solasodine decreased PC12 glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, but not the cell death induced by mitochondrial damage and glucose deprivation. Among the two synthetic spirosteroid analogues, only the (25R)-5α-spirostan-3,6-one (S15) protected PC12 against ischemia-related in vitro models and inhibited NO production, as well as the release of IL-1β by stimulated primary microglia. These findings provide further insights into the role of specific modifications of the A and B rings of sapogenins for their neuroprotective potential.
两种螺旋甾体类似物被合成,并评估了它们在PC12细胞中对谷
氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性和在
葡萄糖剥夺条件下对线粒体损伤的体外神经保护活性,以及它们在LPS/IFNγ刺激的初级小胶质
细胞培养物中的抗炎潜力。我们还评估了天然和内源性类
固醇的体外抗兴奋性毒性和抗炎活性。我们的结果显示,源自植物的类
固醇索拉甙降低了PC12细胞中谷
氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性,但并没有降低由线粒体损伤和
葡萄糖剥夺引起的
细胞死亡。在两种合成的螺旋甾体类似物中,只有(25R)-5α-螺旋甾烷-3,6-酮(S15)保护PC12细胞免受缺血相关体外模型的影响,并抑制了NO的产生,以及刺激的初级小胶质细胞中IL-1β的释放。这些发现为进一步了解
皂苷的A环和B环特定修饰对它们的神经保护潜力提供了更多的见解。