The chemical diversification of natural products provides a robust and general method for the creation of stereochemically rich and structurally diverse small molecules. The resulting compounds have physicochemical traits different from those in most screening collections, and as such are an excellent source for biological discovery. Herein, we subject the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin to reaction sequences focused on creating ring system diversity in few synthetic steps. This effort resulted in a collection of compounds with previously unreported ring systems, providing a novel set of structurally diverse and highly complex compounds suitable for screening in a variety of different settings. Biological evaluation identified the novel compound ferroptocide, a small molecule that rapidly and robustly induces ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Target identification efforts and CRISPR knockout studies reveal that ferroptocide is an inhibitor of thioredoxin, a key component of the antioxidant system in the cell. Ferroptocide positively modulates the immune system in a murine model of breast cancer and will be a useful tool to study the utility of pro-ferroptotic agents for treatment of cancer. A set of stereochemically complex and structurally diverse compounds were created from the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin using the complexity-to-diversity strategy. Phenotypic screening identified a compound that induces rapid ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Experiments to probe the mechanism revealed the compound to be an inhibitor of thioredoxin.
天然产物的
化学多样化为创造立体
化学丰富、结构多样的小分子提供了一种稳健而通用的方法。由此产生的化合物具有不同于大多数筛选集合的理化特性,因此是
生物发现的绝佳来源。在本文中,我们对二萜
天然产物褶皱木苷进行了反应序列研究,重点是在较少的合成步骤中创造环系统的多样性。通过这一努力,我们获得了一系列具有以前未报道过的环系统的化合物,提供了一组结构多样且高度复杂的新型化合物,适合在各种不同环境下进行筛选。
生物学评估确定了新型化合物杀
铁剂,这种小分子能快速、强力地诱导癌细胞发生杀
铁作用而死亡。目标识别工作和 CRI
SPR
基因敲除研究显示,杀
铁剂是
硫代氧化酶的
抑制剂,而
硫代氧化酶是细胞抗氧化系统的关键组成部分。杀
铁剂对小鼠乳腺癌模型的免疫系统有积极的调节作用,将成为研究促杀
铁剂治疗癌症效用的有用工具。利用 "从复杂到多样 "的策略,从二萜
天然产物褶皱木苷中创造出了一组立体
化学复杂、结构多样的化合物。表型筛选确定了一种能诱导癌细胞快速
铁变态死亡的化合物。探究其机理的实验发现,该化合物是一种
硫代毒素
抑制剂。