2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-2-nitrosoadenosine | 383364-84-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 核苷、核苷酸和类似物 - 嘌呤核苷
• 英文名称: 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-2-nitrosoadenosine
• 英文别名: 2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-2-nitrosoadenosine；2-nitroso-2,3,5-tri-O-acetyladenosine；[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-diacetyloxy-5-(6-amino-2-nitrosopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate
• CAS: 383364-84-9
• 化学式: C₁₆H₁₈N₆O₈
• 分子量: 422.354
• InChiKey: ALMJVAAEURGKGS-SDBHATRESA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1
• 重原子数：
  30
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  187
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  13

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-2-nitrosoadenosine 在 ammonium hydroxide 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 22.0h， 生成 2-(3-benzylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  N⁶-Cyclopentyl-2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine (TCPA), a Very Selective Agonist with High Affinity for the Human Adenosine A₁ Receptor

  摘要：

  Four subtypes of adenosine receptors are currently known, that is, A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors. Interestingly, quite substantial species differences exist especially between human and rat A(3) receptors. As a result, ligands such as CCPA, which are very selective for the rat A(1) and A(3) receptor versus the human A(3) receptor, are substantially less selective when the human A(1) and A(3) receptors are compared. New 2-substituted and 2,N-6-disubstituted adenosines were synthesized, and their affinities for the human adenosine A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors were determined. Although large substituents on the C2-position are generally thought to yield adenosine A(2A) receptor selective ligands, the reported series of 2-triazeno-substituted adenosines had a very high affinity for the A(1) receptor. For example, 2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine had an affinity of 6.1 +/- 1.3 nM for the human adenosine A(1) receptor. Introduction of a diphenethyl substituent at the N-6-position of this compound resulted in a high-affinity agonist, 3.1 +/- 0.9 nM, for the human adenosine A(1) receptor with 316- and 45-fold selectivity versus the human A(2A) and human A(3) receptors, respectively. The most selective, high-affinity human adenosine A(1) receptor agonist was the disubstituted compound N-6-cyclopentyl-2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine (TCPA). TCPA had an affinity of 2.8 +/- 0.8 nM for the human adenosine A, receptor and was 75-fold and 214-fold selective versus the human A(2A) and human A(3) receptors, respectively. In addition, TCPA was a full agonist and inhibited the forskolin-induced cAMP production of CHO cells stably transfected with the human adenosine A(1) receptor with an IC50 of 1.5 +/- 0.5 nM.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm021074j
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,6-diaminopurine 在 sodium periodate 作用下， 以 乙酸乙酯 为溶剂， 生成 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-2-nitrosoadenosine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  N⁶-Cyclopentyl-2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine (TCPA), a Very Selective Agonist with High Affinity for the Human Adenosine A₁ Receptor

  摘要：

  Four subtypes of adenosine receptors are currently known, that is, A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors. Interestingly, quite substantial species differences exist especially between human and rat A(3) receptors. As a result, ligands such as CCPA, which are very selective for the rat A(1) and A(3) receptor versus the human A(3) receptor, are substantially less selective when the human A(1) and A(3) receptors are compared. New 2-substituted and 2,N-6-disubstituted adenosines were synthesized, and their affinities for the human adenosine A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors were determined. Although large substituents on the C2-position are generally thought to yield adenosine A(2A) receptor selective ligands, the reported series of 2-triazeno-substituted adenosines had a very high affinity for the A(1) receptor. For example, 2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine had an affinity of 6.1 +/- 1.3 nM for the human adenosine A(1) receptor. Introduction of a diphenethyl substituent at the N-6-position of this compound resulted in a high-affinity agonist, 3.1 +/- 0.9 nM, for the human adenosine A(1) receptor with 316- and 45-fold selectivity versus the human A(2A) and human A(3) receptors, respectively. The most selective, high-affinity human adenosine A(1) receptor agonist was the disubstituted compound N-6-cyclopentyl-2-(3-phenylaminocarbonyltriazene-1-yl)adenosine (TCPA). TCPA had an affinity of 2.8 +/- 0.8 nM for the human adenosine A, receptor and was 75-fold and 214-fold selective versus the human A(2A) and human A(3) receptors, respectively. In addition, TCPA was a full agonist and inhibited the forskolin-induced cAMP production of CHO cells stably transfected with the human adenosine A(1) receptor with an IC50 of 1.5 +/- 0.5 nM.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm021074j

文献信息

• Synthesis and properties of 2-nitrosoadenosine
  作者：Martin J. Wanner、Gerrit-Jan Koomen

  DOI：10.1039/b102897a

  日期：——

  A series of new 2-substituted adenosine derivatives was synthesised via addition and condensation reactions with 2-nitrosoadenosine triacetate 4. The exceptional reactivity of the adenosine nitroso functionality was demonstrated by reaction with, e.g., dienes (4 + 2 cycloaddition), cyclohexene (‘ene’ reaction), furans (addition/rearrangement) and with anilines (Mills coupling). 2-Nitrosoadenosine triacetate was prepared from 6-chloropurine riboside triacetate via nitration at the 2-position followed by reduction/oxidation of the nitro group. The vulnerable nitroso functionality of 4 had to be protected by 4 + 2 cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene to make deacylation of the ribose ring possible. Retro-Diels–Alder reaction of the deacylated product at 95 °C gave the title compound 2-nitrosoadenosine 7. Dimerisation of the nitroso functionality of triacetate 4 was studied with 1H NMR by changing the temperature, concentration and solvent. In particular, variation of temperature gave control over this dimerisation: 100% monomer at 65 °C gave complete dimerisation at −20 °C.

  一系列新的2取代腺苷衍生物是通过与2-亚硝基腺苷三乙酸酯4进行加成和缩合反应合成的。腺苷亚硝基功能团的优异反应性通过与烯烃（4 + 2环加成反应）、环己烯（“烯”反应）、呋喃（加成/重排反应）和苯胺（米尔斯偶联）等反应得到了证明。2-亚硝基腺苷三乙酸酯是通过对6-氯嘌呤核苷三乙酸酯进行2位的硝化反应，然后再对硝基进行还原/氧化反应合成的。4的脆弱亚硝基功能团需要通过与环戊二烯进行4 + 2环加成反应进行保护，以使RNA环的去酰化成为可能。在95°C下，去酰化产物的反向Diels-Alder反应生成了标题化合物2-亚硝基腺苷7。通过改变温度、浓度和溶剂，研究了三乙酸酯4的亚硝基功能团的二聚化过程。特别是，温度的变化对这种二聚化反应起到了控制作用：在65°C时为100%单体，在-20°C时则完全二聚化。
• Targeting the Parasite's DNA with Methyltriazenyl Purine Analogs Is a Safe, Selective, and Efficacious Antitrypanosomal Strategy
  作者：Boris Rodenko、Martin J. Wanner、Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi、Godwin U. Ebiloma、Rebecca L. Barnes、Marcel Kaiser、Reto Brun、Richard McCulloch、Gerrit-Jan Koomen、Harry P. de Koning

  DOI：10.1128/aac.00596-15

  日期：2015.11

  The human and veterinary disease complex known as African trypanosomiasis continues to inflict significant global morbidity, mortality, and economic hardship. Drug resistance and toxic side effects of old drugs call for novel and unorthodox strategies for new and safe treatment options. We designed methyltriazenyl purine prodrugs to be rapidly and selectively internalized by the parasite, after which they disintegrate into a nontoxic and naturally occurring purine nucleobase, a simple triazene-stabilizing group, and the active toxin: a methyldiazonium cation capable of damaging DNA by alkylation. We identified 2-(3-acetyl-3-methyltriazen-1-yl)-6-hydroxypurine (compound 1) as a new lead compound, which showed submicromolar potency against Trypanosoma brucei , with a selectivity index of >500, and it demonstrated a curative effect in animal models of acute trypanosomiasis. We investigated the mechanism of action of this lead compound and showed that this molecule has significantly higher affinity for parasites over mammalian nucleobase transporters, and it does not show cross-resistance with current first-line drugs. Once selectively accumulated inside the parasite, the prodrug releases a DNA-damaging methyldiazonium cation. We propose that ensuing futile cycles of attempted mismatch repair then lead to G ₂ /M phase arrest and eventually cell death, as evidenced by the reduced efficacy of this purine analog against a mismatch repair-deficient ( MSH2 ^−/− ) trypanosome cell line. The observed absence of genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cells revitalizes the idea of pursuing parasite-selective DNA alkylators as a safe chemotherapeutic option for the treatment of human and animal trypanosomiasis.

  摘要 被称为非洲锥虫病的人类和兽医综合疾病继续在全球造成严重的发病率、死亡率和经济困难。旧药的耐药性和毒副作用要求我们采用新颖、非正统的策略来寻找新的安全治疗方案。我们设计的甲基三嗪基嘌呤原药可被寄生虫快速、选择性地内化，然后分解成一种无毒的天然嘌呤核碱基、一个简单的三嗪稳定基团和活性毒素：一种能通过烷基化破坏 DNA 的甲基二氮阳离子。我们发现了 2-(3-乙酰基-3-甲基三氮烯-1-基)-6-羟基嘌呤（化合物 1）作为一种新的先导化合物，该化合物对布氏锥虫的毒性为亚摩尔级。 布氏锥虫 在急性锥虫病动物模型中显示出治疗效果。我们对这种先导化合物的作用机制进行了研究，结果表明这种分子对寄生虫的亲和力明显高于哺乳动物核碱基转运体，而且不会与目前的一线药物产生交叉耐药性。一旦选择性地在寄生虫体内蓄积，该原药就会释放出破坏 DNA 的甲基偶氮阳离子。我们认为，随后尝试错配修复的徒劳循环会导致 G 2 /M期停滞，最终导致细胞死亡。 MSH2 -/- ）锥虫细胞系的疗效降低就证明了这一点。观察到这种嘌呤类似物对哺乳动物细胞没有遗传毒性、肝毒性和细胞毒性，这使我们重新燃起了将寄生虫选择性DNA烷化剂作为治疗人类和动物锥虫病的安全化疗选择的想法。