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莫索尼啶 | 75438-57-2

中文名称
莫索尼啶
中文别名
4-氯-N-(4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-2-基)-6-甲氧基-2-甲基-5-嘧啶胺;莫索尼定;莫索尼定,不带盐酸
英文名称
moxonidine
英文别名
4-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinamine;4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)aminopyrimidine;4-chloro-5-(imidazoline-2-ylamino)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidine;4-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidin-5-amine
莫索尼啶化学式
CAS
75438-57-2
化学式
C9H12ClN5O
mdl
MFCD22689455
分子量
241.68
InChiKey
WPNJAUFVNXKLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    217-219° (dec)
  • 沸点:
    364.7±52.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.52±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    极微溶于水,微溶于甲醇,微溶于二氯甲烷,极微溶于乙腈。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.6
  • 重原子数:
    16
  • 可旋转键数:
    3
  • 环数:
    2.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.44
  • 拓扑面积:
    71.4
  • 氢给体数:
    2
  • 氢受体数:
    4

ADMET

代谢
生物转化在莫索尼啶的作用中并不重要,大约10-20%的莫索尼啶会经历氧化反应,形成主要的4,5-脱氢莫索尼啶代谢物和一个通过imidazoline环开环的胍衍生物。这些4,5-脱氢莫索尼啶和胍代谢物的抗高血压效果仅分别为莫索尼啶的1/10和1/100。莫索尼啶上的甲基组(嘧啶环)或imidazole环上的氧化会导致羟基甲基莫索尼啶代谢物或羟基莫索尼啶代谢物的形成。羟基莫索尼啶代谢物可以进一步氧化成二羟基代谢物,或者失水形成脱氢莫索尼啶代谢物,后者本身可以进一步氧化形成N-氧化物。除了这些一期代谢物外,莫索尼啶的二相代谢也很明显,存在一种缺失氯的半胱氨酸结合代谢物。然而,在人类尿样中高水平的脱氢莫索尼啶代谢物的存在表明,从羟基代谢物到脱氢莫索尼啶代谢物的脱氢反应是人类主要的代谢途径。负责莫索尼啶在人类中代谢的细胞色素P450尚未确定。最终,在不同的生物尿液排泄样本中,母体莫索尼啶化合物是最丰富的成分,这证实了代谢在人类中清除莫索尼啶的作用只是适度的。
Biotransformation is unimportant with 10-20% of moxonidine undergoing oxidation reactions to the primary 4,5-dehydromoxonidine metabolite and a guanidine derivative by opening of the imidazoline ring. The antihypertensive effects of these 4,5-dehydromoxonidine and guanidine metabolites are only 1/10 and 1/100 the effect of moxonidine. Oxidation on either the methyl group (pyrimidine ring) or on the imidazole ring of moxonidine results in the formation of the hydroxylmethyl moxonidine metabolite or the hydroxy moxonidine metabolite. The hydroxy moxonidine metabolite can be further oxidized to the dihydroxy metabolite or it can lose water to form the dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite, which itself can be further oxidized to form an N-oxide. Aside from these Phase I metabolites, Phase II metabolism of moxonidine is also evident with the presence of a cysteine conjugate metabolite minus chlorine. Nevertheless, the identification of the hydroxy moxonidine metabolite with a high level of dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite in human urine samples suggests that dehydrogenation from the hydroxy metabolite to the dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite represents the primary metabolic pathway in humans. The cytochromes P450 responsible for the metabolism of moxonidine in humans have not yet been determined. Ultimately, the parent moxonidine compound was observed to be the most abundant component in different biological matrices of urinary excretion samples, verifying that metabolism only plays a modest role in the clearance of moxonidine in humans.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
  • 蛋白质结合
大约10%的莫索尼定与血浆蛋白结合。
About 10% of moxonidine is bound to plasma proteins.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
90%的口服剂量会被吸收,食物摄入或首过代谢的干扰可以忽略不计,导致生物利用度高达88%。
90% of an oral dose is absorbed with negligible interference from food intake or first pass metabolism, resulting in a high bioavailability of 88%.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
消除几乎完全通过肾脏进行,大部分(50-75%)的莫索尼啶以原型通过肾脏排泄。最终,在给药后最初的24小时内,超过90%的剂量通过肾脏消除,只有大约1%通过粪便消除。
Elimination is nearly entirely via the kidneys with a majority (50 -75%) of overall moxonidine being eliminated unchanged through renal excretion. Ultimately, more than 90% of a dose is eliminated by way of the kidneys within the first 24 hours after administration, with only approximately 1% being eliminiated via faeces.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
1.8±0.4升/千克。
1.8±0.4L/kg.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
每日两次给药,因为半衰期短。然而,由于清除率降低,老年人和肾功能损害患者需要较低的剂量调整和密切监测。特别是,在老年患者单次给药和稳态下,暴露AUC(药时曲线下面积)可增加约50%;而在轻度肾功能损害(GFR在30-60 mL/min)的患者中,AUC可增加85%,清除率降低至52%。
Administered twice daily due to short half life. However, lower dosage adjustments and close monitoring is necessary in elderly and renal impairment patients due to reduced clearance. In particular, the exposure AUC can increase by about 50% following a single dose and at steady state in elderly patients and moderately impaired renal function with GFR between 30-60 mL/min can cause AUC increases by 85% and decreases in clearence to 52 %.
来源:DrugBank

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    6.1
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    UV6260290
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P261,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H302,H315,H319,H335
  • 储存条件:
    干燥保存,在4℃下

SDS

SDS:f4b328d46ddac27fe2c91b92fb461e8c
查看

制备方法与用途

概述

莫索尼啶,又名莫索尼定,化学名为4-氯-N-(4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-2-基)-6-甲氧基-2-甲基-5-嘧啶胺。这是一种高度选择性咪唑啉-Ⅰ型受体激动剂。通过激动延髓腹外侧核(RVLM)的Ⅰ型咪唑啉受体,使外周交感神经活性降低,从而舒张血管、减少外周阻力,并使血压下降,属于一种新型降压药,常用于原发性高血压的治疗。

理化性质
  • 密度:1.52 g/cm³
  • 沸点:364.7°C at 760 mmHg
  • 闪点:174.3°C
  • 结晶,熔点:217-219℃(分解)
制备方法

莫索尼定的制备方法如下:

  1. 方法1:5-氨基-4,6-二氯-2-甲基嘧啶与1-乙酰基-2-咪唑啉-2-酮反应,生成产物再与甲醇钠作用。
  2. 方法2:5-氨基-4-氯-6-甲氧基-2-甲基嘧啶与硫氰酸铵及苯甲酰氯反应,得(I)。去苯甲酰基得(Ⅱ),甲基化得(Ⅲ),再和乙二胺作用。
应用
  1. 降压效果:通过刺激中枢突触前α2-受体而起效。其降压效果与钙拮抗剂硝苯地平和ACE抑制剂卡托普利相似,用于治疗原发性高血压。
  2. 保护肾脏:干预肾间质纤维化进而来保护肾脏。
注意事项
  1. 治疗开始时可能出现口干、疲乏和头痛,偶见头晕、失眠和腿酸软等症状。
  2. 禁用对象包括病态窦房结综合症、窦房结和房室Ⅱ-Ⅲ度传导阻滞、安静时心动过缓(50次/分以下)、非稳定型心绞痛、严重肝病、进行性肾功能障碍、血管神经性水肿等患者。

有关莫索尼啶的概述、理化性质、制备方法、应用及注意事项由Chemicalbook的丁红编辑整理(2015-12-21)。

化学性质

盐酸莫索尼定(Moxonidine Hydrochloride):C9H12ClN5O?xHCl,[75438-58-3]。从异丙醇-乙醚结晶,熔点为189℃。

用途
  • 通过刺激中枢突触前α2-受体而起效。
  • 其降压效果与钙拮抗剂硝苯地平和ACE抑制剂卡托普利相似,用于治疗原发性高血压。
  • 作为降压药,对中枢神经系统无明显副作用。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Substituted aminopyrimidines
    摘要:
    本发明涉及一些氨基嘧啶,其一般式为##STR1##其中R.sup.1、R.sup.2和R.sup.3为氢、卤素、烷氧基、烷基硫基或具有1至4个碳原子的烷基,或具有3至5个碳原子的环烷基,R.sup.4为氢或脂肪族或芳香族酰基,以及其生理兼容性酸盐。本发明的化合物可用作降血压剂和青光眼治疗。
    公开号:
    US04323570A1
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    盐酸莫索尼定 在 base 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 生成 莫索尼啶
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Synthesis of substituted aminopyridines
    摘要:
    本发明涉及一种用于制造具有化学式(I)的某些取代氨基吡啶的新型方法或其互变异构体或盐,其中R1从氢、卤素、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C1-4烷基、C3-5环烷基中选择,例如R1为卤素如氯;R2为C1-4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基或丁基(任何异构体),例如甲基;R3从氢、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C1-4烷基、C3-5环烷基中选择,例如C1-4烷基如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基或丁基(任何异构体),例如甲基;以及适用于执行该方法的化学中间体的结晶形式。
    公开号:
    EP2829540A1
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    sodium methylate4,6-二氯-2-甲基-5-(1-乙酰基-2-咪唑)-氨基吡啶莫索尼啶 作用下, 以 甲醇 为溶剂, 反应 2.0h, 以to afford 4-chloro-N-(imidazolin-2-ylidene)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinamine的产率得到莫索尼啶
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Method for treating substance abuse withdrawal
    摘要:
    本发明提供了一种治疗由于戒烟或戒尼古丁、阿片类、乙醇或其组合引起的病症的方法,包括给予有效剂量的4-氯-5-(咪唑啉-2-基(氨基)-6-甲氧基-2-甲基嘧啶。
    公开号:
    US05732717A1
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文献信息

  • [EN] NOVEL CYCLIC BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES USEFUL ANTI-DIABETIC AGENTS<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX AGENTS ANTIDIABÉTIQUES UTILES AVEC DES DÉRIVÉS DE BENZIMIDAZOLE CYCLIQUES
    申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
    公开号:WO2010051176A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-05-06
    Novel compounds of the structural formula (I) are activators of AMP-protein kinase and are useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the AMPK-activated protein kinase. The compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension.
    结构式(I)的新化合物是AMP-蛋白激酶的激活剂,可用于治疗、预防和抑制由AMPK激活的蛋白激酶介导的疾病。本发明的化合物对于治疗2型糖尿病、高血糖、代谢综合征、肥胖、高胆固醇血症和高血压是有用的。
  • DIARYLMETHYLAMIDE DERIVATIVE HAVING ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY ON MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE RECEPTOR
    申请人:Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
    公开号:EP2272841A1
    公开(公告)日:2011-01-12
    [Problem] To provide a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonist useful as a pharmaceutical agent for central diseases, circulatory diseases, and metabolic diseases. [Means for Resolution] Provided is a diarylmethylamide derivative represented by formula (I): Wherein R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, R3a, and R3b independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like, R4 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6 alkyl, or the like, R5 represents a hydrogen atom or the like, Z represents C1-6 alkyl or the like, or R4 and Z together form a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ring, Y1 represents H or the like, Y2 represents H, or Y1 and Y2 together form - O-CH2-, W represents C, SO, or the like, Ar1 represents 6-membered aryl or the like, Ar2 represents 6-membered aryl or the like, and ring A represents a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, or the like.
    [问题] 提供一种对黑色素浓缩激素受体拮抗剂,用作中枢疾病、循环疾病和代谢疾病的药用制剂。 [解决方法] 提供一种由式(I)表示的二芳基甲酰胺衍生物: 其中R1a、R1b、R2a、R2b、R3a和R3b独立地表示氢原子或类似物,R4表示氢原子、C1-6烷基或类似物,R5表示氢原子或类似物,Z表示C1-6烷基或类似物,或者R4和Z一起形成一个含氮杂环的4-至6-成员环,Y1表示H或类似物,Y2表示H,或者Y1和Y2一起形成-O-CH2-,W表示C、SO或类似物,Ar1表示6-成员芳基或类似物,Ar2表示6-成员芳基或类似物,环A表示苯环、吡啶环或类似物。
  • Benzimidazolone carboxylic acid derivatives
    申请人:Ando Koji
    公开号:US20050277671A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-12-15
    This invention relates to compounds of the formula (I): wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A and m are each as described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds in the treatment of a condition mediated by 5-HT 4 receptor activity such as, but not limited to, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal disease, gastric motility disorder, non-ulcer dyspepsia, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, dyspepsia, esophagitis, gastroesophageral disease, nausea, central nervous system disease, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive disorder, emesis, migraine, neurological disease, pain, cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac failure and heart arrhythmia, diabetes and apnea syndrome.
    这项发明涉及以下式(I)的化合物: 其中R1、R2、R3、A和m如本文所述,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂,以及含有这种化合物的组合物和利用这种化合物治疗由5-HT4受体活性介导的疾病的用途,例如但不限于胃食管反流病、胃肠疾病、胃动力障碍、非溃疡性消化不良、功能性消化不良、肠易激综合征(IBS)、便秘、消化不良、食管炎、胃食管疾病、恶心、中枢神经系统疾病、阿尔茨海默病、认知障碍、呕吐、偏头痛、神经系统疾病、疼痛、心血管疾病如心力衰竭和心律失常、糖尿病和呼吸暂停综合征。
  • Heterocycles as nicotinic acid receptor agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia
    申请人:Palani Anandan
    公开号:US20060264489A1
    公开(公告)日:2006-11-23
    A compound having the general structure of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or tautomer thereof, wherein: Q is selected from the group consisting of: and L is selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, or tautomer thereof, are useful in treating diseases, disorders, or conditions such as metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia.
    具有通式(I)的一种化合物: 或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、酯或互变异构体,其中: Q选自以下群组: 和 L选自以下群组: 或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物、酯或互变异构体,可用于治疗代谢综合征和血脂异常等疾病、疾患或症状。
  • DIARYL KETIMINE DERIVATIVE HAVING ANTAGONISM AGAINST MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE RECEPTOR
    申请人:Ando Makoto
    公开号:US20100324049A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-12-23
    [Problems] To provide an antagonist of a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor, which is useful as a medicine for a central nervous system disease, a cardiovascular disease or a metabolic disease. [Means for Solving Problems] The antagonist comprises, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein R 1a and R 1b independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group; R 2a , R 2b , R 3a and R 3b independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, or the like; Y represents H or —OH; Z represents —OR 8 , or the like; R 8 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or the like; R 9a and R 9b independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, or the like; Ar 1 represents an aromatic carbon ring group, or an aromatic heteroring group; Ar 2 represents a group produced by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic carbon ring, or the like; and the ring group A represents an unsaturated heteroring group.
    [问题] 提供一种黑素浓集激素受体的拮抗剂,该拮抗剂作为治疗中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病或代谢疾病的药物是有用的。 [解决问题的手段] 该拮抗剂包含作为活性成分的以下公式(I)所示的化合物: 其中 R1a 和 R1b 分别独立代表一个氢原子或一个C1-6烷基团;R2a、R2b、R3a 和 R3b 分别独立代表一个氢原子、一个C1-6烷基团或类似物;Y代表H或—OH;Z代表—OR8,或类似物;R8代表一个氢原子、一个可能含有取代基的C1-6烷基团或类似物;R9a和R9b分别独立代表一个氢原子、一个C1-6烷基团或类似物;Ar1代表一个芳香碳环族或芳香杂环族;Ar2代表通过从一个芳香碳环中移除两个氢原子而得到的族或类似物;而环族A代表一个不饱和杂环族。
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