摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

雷特格韦 | 518048-05-0

中文名称
雷特格韦
中文别名
N-(2-(4-(4-氟苄基氨基甲酰基)-5-羟基-1-甲基-6-氧代-1,6-二氢嘧啶-2-基)丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-甲酰胺;拉替拉韦
英文名称
raltegravir
英文别名
RAL;MK-0518;N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-{[(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)carbonyl] amino}ethyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxamide;N-[2-[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methylcarbamoyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxopyrimidin-2-yl]propan-2-yl]-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide
雷特格韦化学式
CAS
518048-05-0
化学式
C20H21FN6O5
mdl
——
分子量
444.422
InChiKey
CZFFBEXEKNGXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    216 °C(Solv: isopropanol (67-63-0))
  • 密度:
    1.46±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于DMSO(轻微)、甲醇(非常轻微)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    4.5X10-22 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    1.1
  • 重原子数:
    32
  • 可旋转键数:
    6
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.3
  • 拓扑面积:
    150
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    9

ADMET

代谢
肝脏 (UGT1A1)
Hepatic (UGT1A1)
来源:DrugBank
代谢
在粪便中,仅检测到拉替拉韦,其中大部分可能源于胆汁中分泌的拉替拉韦葡萄糖醛酸酯的水解,如前临床物种所观察到的。在尿液中检测到两个成分,即拉替拉韦和拉替拉韦葡萄糖醛酸酯,分别约占剂量的9%和23%。主要循环实体是拉替拉韦,约占总放射性的70%;血浆中剩余的放射性由拉替拉韦葡萄糖醛酸酯组成。
In feces, only raltegravir was present, most of which is likely derived from hydrolysis of raltegravir-glucuronide secreted in bile as observed in preclinical species. Two components, namely raltegravir and raltegravir-glucuronide, were detected in urine and accounted for approximately 9 and 23% of the dose, respectively. The major circulating entity was raltegravir and represented approximately 70% of the total radioactivity; the remaining radioactivity in plasma was accounted for by raltegravir-glucuronide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
使用选择性化学抑制剂和cDNA表达的UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UGT)的研究表明,UGT1A1是主要负责形成拉替拉韦葡萄糖苷酶的酶。因此,数据表明,人体清除拉替拉韦的主要机制是UGT1A1介导的葡萄糖苷酸化。
Studies using isoform-selective chemical inhibitors and cDNA-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) show that UGT1A1 is the main enzyme responsible for the formation of raltegravir-glucuronide. Thus, the data indicate that the major mechanism of clearance of raltegravir in humans is UGT1A1-mediated glucuronidation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模临床试验中,使用多替拉韦治疗与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高超过正常上限(ULN)的3倍有关,发生在2%至5%的患者中,但这些比率与接受匹配的背景优化抗逆转录病毒治疗(不含多替拉韦)的对照组相似。这些升高并未伴随临床症状,通常不需要调整剂量。在多替拉韦的注册试验中描述了几例伴有黄疸的急性肝损伤的实例,这些情况与超敏反应有关,并在停药后得到解决。这些病例的临床特征并未提供,它们与多替拉韦的关系相对于同时使用的抗逆转录病毒药物并未完全确定。然而,自从多替拉韦获得批准并更广泛使用以来,出现了几例归因于多替拉韦的急性肝炎的病例报告。发病潜伏期从1个月到8个月不等,血清酶升高的模式是肝细胞型。没有出现免疫过敏和自身免疫特征。至少有一例已发表的病例导致了急性肝衰竭并需要肝移植。多替拉韦的产品标签提到肝炎和肝衰竭作为潜在的副作用,并指出患有乙型或丙型肝炎共感染的患者在开始多替拉韦治疗时容易恶化或肝炎发作,可能是免疫重建综合症的结果。建议在开始包含多替拉韦的治疗方案的患者中监测肝功能测试。
In large clinical trials, therapy with dolutegravir was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations of greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 2% to 5% of patients, but these rates were similar to those in comparator groups receiving matched background optimized antiretroviral therapy without dolutegravir. These elevations were not associated with clinical symptoms and generally did not require dose modification. A few instances of acute liver injury with jaundice were described in the registration trials for dolutegravir which occurred in association with hypersensitivity reactions and resolved with drug discontinuation. The clinical features of these cases were not provided and their association with dolutegravir as opposed to the concurrent antiretroviral agents was not fully established. Since its approval and more wide spread use, however, several case reports of acute hepatitis attributable to dolutegravir have appeared. The latency to onset varried from 1 to 8 months and the pattern of serum enzyme elevations was hepatocellular. Immunoallergic and autoimmune features were not present. At least one published case resulted in acute liver failure and need for liver transplanation. The product label for dolutegravir mentions hepatitis and hepatic failure as potential adverse reactions and states that patients with hepatitis B or C coinfection are susceptible to worsening or flares of hepatitis with initiation of dolutegravir therapy, perhaps as a consequence of immune reconstitution syndrome. Monitoring of liver tests is recommended in patients starting regimens that include dolutegravir.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模临床试验中,使用拉替拉韦治疗与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高相关,高达10%的患者出现升高,3%至4%的患者升高超过正常上限(ULN)的5倍,但这些比率与接受匹配的背景优化抗逆转录病毒治疗(不含拉替拉韦)的对照组相似。这些升高没有伴随临床症状,通常不需要调整剂量。目前还没有公开发表的报告将明显的肝脏损伤归因于拉替拉韦。尽管如此,拉替拉韦的产品标签提到了肝炎和肝衰竭作为潜在的副作用,但没有具体细节。拉替拉韦还与史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和药物过敏反应有关,这些反应可能伴有肝脏受累。最后,开始使用拉替拉韦进行抗逆转录病毒治疗可能导致免疫重建综合征,这可能会加重或激发共感染慢性乙型或丙型肝炎的发作。
In large clinical trials, therapy with raltegravir was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations in up to 10% and elevations of greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 3% to 4% of patients, but these rates were similar to those in comparator groups receiving matched background optimized antiretroviral therapy without raltegravir. These elevations were not associated with clinical symptoms and generally did not require dose modification. There have been no published reports of clinically apparent cases of liver injury attributed to raltegravir. Nevertheless, the product label for raltegravir mentions hepatitis and hepatic failure as a potential adverse reactions, but without specific details. Raltegravir has also been linked to instances of Stevens Johnson syndrome and drug hypersensitivity reactions, which can be accompanied by hepatic involvement. Finally, initiation of antiretroviral therapy with raltegravir can result in the immune reconstitution syndrome which may cause a worsening or flare of an accompanying chronic hepatitis B or C in coinfected individuals.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模临床试验中,使用比克替拉韦与恩曲他滨和替诺福韦艾拉酚胺联合治疗与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高(超过正常上限1.5倍)相关,在11%的患者中出现,但这些比率与接受匹配的背景优化抗逆转录病毒治疗(不含比克替拉韦)的比较组(12%至15%)相似。超过5倍正常上限的升高仅在1.4%的比克替拉韦治疗者中出现,而在对照组受试者中为0.9%至1.3%。这些升高与临床症状无关,通常不需要调整剂量。此外,没有出现急性肝细胞损伤和黄疸的病例。比克替拉韦的产品标签提到,当停止使用比克替拉韦与恩曲他滨和替诺福韦联合治疗时,可能会出现急性乙型肝炎加重和肝衰竭作为潜在的不良反应。这种不良反应可能在停止任何对HBV有同时活性的抗逆转录病毒方案时发生,并代表替诺福韦和恩曲他滨的效果。然而,自从其获得批准和更广泛使用以来,没有已发表的报告中明确将肝脏损伤或乙型肝炎加重的临床明显病例归因于比克替拉韦。
In large clinical trials, therapy with bictegravir combined with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations (above 1.5 times ULN) in 11% patients, but these rates were similar to those in comparator groups (12% to 15%) receiving matched background optimized antiretroviral therapy without bictegravir. Elevations above 5 times ULN occurred in only 1.4% of bictegravir vs 0.9% to 1.3% of control comparator arm subjects. The elevations were not associated with clinical symptoms and generally did not require dose modification. In addition, there were no instances of acute hepatocellular liver injury with jaundice. The product label for bictegravir mentions acute exacerbations of hepatitis B and hepatic failure as potential adverse reactions when bictegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir is discontinued. This adverse reaction can occur upon discontinuation of any antiretroviral regimen with concurrent activity against HBV and represents the effects of tenofovir and emtricitabine. Nevertheless, since its approval and its more widescale use, there have been no published reports of clinically apparent cases of liver injury or exacerbation of hepatitis B convincingly attributed to bictegravir.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
raltegravir
Compound:raltegravir
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注解:最令人关注的药物性肝损伤
DILI Annotation:Most-DILI-Concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
从胃肠道吸收。
Absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
粪便和尿液
Feces and urine
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
大约83%与人类血浆蛋白结合,并且极少量分布到红细胞中(血液到血浆的分配比率为0.6)。
Approximately 83% bound to human plasma protein and is minimally distributed into red blood cells (blood-to-plasma partitioning ratio of 0.6).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
人体清除拉替拉韦的主要机制是经由UGT1A1介导的葡萄糖醛酸化,未改变药物的肾清除是拉替拉韦消除的次要途径(占总剂量的9%)。
The major mechanism of clearance of raltegravir in humans is glucuronidation mediated by UGT1A1, the renal clearance of unchanged drug is a minor pathway of elimination of raltegravir (9% of total dose).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
Raltegravir(薄膜包衣片)在空腹状态下服用后大约3小时达到最大血药浓度(Tmax)。Raltegravir的药时曲线下面积(AUC)和最大血药浓度(Cmax)在100毫克至1600毫克的剂量范围内呈剂量比例增加。Raltegravir的12小时血药浓度(C12hr)在100毫克至800毫克的剂量范围内呈剂量比例增加,在100毫克至1600毫克的剂量范围内增加幅度略小于剂量比例。
Raltegravir (film-coated tablet) is absorbed with a Tmax of approximately 3 hours postdose in the fasted state. Raltegravir AUC and Cmax increase dose proportionally over the dose range 100 mg to 1600 mg. Raltegravir C12hr increases dose proportionally over the dose range of 100 to 800 mg and increases slightly less than dose proportionally over the dose range 100 mg to 1600 mg.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险性防范说明:
    P261,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H302,H315,H319,H335
  • 储存条件:
    | 2~8℃ |

SDS

SDS:4dc7b808da9a467fadb84277c52adafe
查看

制备方法与用途

雷特格韦片简介

美国默克公司的雷特格韦片是第一个HIV整合酶链转移抑制剂(Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors, ISTI),也被称为MK-0518。它可以与多种抗逆转录病毒药物联合用药,用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1感染。通过抑制病毒复制所需的HIV整合酶,雷特格韦能够减缓HIV-1感染的发生。

药理作用

当雷特格韦与其他抗HIV药物联合使用时,可以减少血液中的HIV数量,并增加称为CD4+T细胞的白细胞数量,从而有助于对抗其他感染。与利托那韦、依法韦仑、替拉那韦、泰诺福韦等药物相互作用的研究表明,雷特格韦对这些抗病毒药物无交叉耐药性,并且可以与其他多种药物产生协同作用。

不良反应

最常见的不良反应包括腹泻、恶心和头痛。此外,血液检查发现一些服用该药物的患者肌酶异常升高。

生物活性

Raltegravir (MK-0518) 是一种有效的整合酶抑制剂,在无细胞试验中对野生型(WT) 和 S217Q PFV IN 的 IC50 分别为 90 nM 和 40 nM。它对HIV-1 IN 的选择性远高于其他相关 Mg2+依赖性酶,如 HCV 聚合酶、HIV 反转录酶和 HIV RNaseH。

靶点
  • 整合酶 (S217Q PFV) (无细胞试验):40 nM
  • 整合酶 (WT PFV) (无细胞试验):90 nM
体外研究

PFV整合携带 S217H 替换的IN后,对Raltegravir 的敏感性降低10倍,IC50为900 nM。PFV IN 具有10% WT 活性且被 Raltegravir 抑制,IC50 为200 nM,说明与 WT IN 相比,对整合酶(IN)链转移抑制剂(INSTI) 的敏感性降低约2倍。S217Q PFV IN 对Raltegravir的敏感性至少与WT酶相似。

Raltegravir 由葡萄糖醛酸化生成,并非通过肝脏代谢。在体外作用于人类T淋巴细胞培养物时,Raltegravir有效抑制HIV-1达95%,浓度为31±20 nM。该药物对CEMx174 细胞也有效作用,IC95 为6 nM。Raltegravir的主要代谢途径是葡萄糖醛酸化。强诱导剂UGT1A1显著降低其浓度。Raltegravir微弱抑制肝细胞色素P450,并不会诱导CYP3A4 RNA 表达或CYP3A4依赖的睾丸激素6-β-羟化酶活性。

在镁和钙存在的情况下,Raltegravir 的细胞扩散性降低。该药物及其相关的HIV-1整合酶(IN) 链转移抑制剂(INSTIs)高效阻断病毒复制。RALTEGRAVIR 作用于急性感染人类淋巴 CD4+ 淋巴细胞。

体内研究

在携带 SIVmac251 的非人类灵长类动物中,Raltegravir 提高了病毒-免疫状态。单独给予该药物后,在非人类灵长类动物中未检测到病毒载量。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    雷特格韦 在 calcium hydroxide 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂, 反应 72.0h, 生成 raltegravir calcium
    参考文献:
    名称:
    [EN] RALTEGRAVIR SALTS AND CRYSTALLINE FORMS THEREOF
    [FR] SELS DE RALTÉGRAVIR ET LEURS FORMES CRISTALLINES
    摘要:
    本发明涵盖了Raltegravir的新盐及其结晶形式,包含这些盐或结晶形式的药物组合物,使用这些盐或结晶形式或组合物治疗HIV感染或制备治疗HIV感染的药物的方法,以及制备Raltegravir钾的过程。
    公开号:
    WO2011123754A1
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    4-((4-fluorobenzyl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-2-(2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamido)propan-2-yl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate 生成 雷特格韦
    参考文献:
    名称:
    寻求选择性和效率:Raltegravir合成的新方法
    摘要:
    本工作描述了活性药物成分raltegravir的改良合成方法的发展。新工艺中间体的分离和新开发的条件解决了该生产工艺典型的选择性问题,而无需使用保护基,这使当前路线比以前报道的更加有效和可持续。与先前过程的效率比较证实了此处获得的结果。
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00155
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • [EN] SPIROCYCLIC HETEROCYCLE COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES SPIROCYCLIQUES UTILES COMME INHIBITEURS DU VIH
    申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
    公开号:WO2016094198A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-06-16
    The present invention relates to Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compounds of Formula (I): (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, B, X, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising at least one Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Spirocyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
    本发明涉及式(I)的螺环杂环化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其中A、B、X、R1、R2、R3和R4如本文所定义。本发明还涉及包含至少一种螺环杂环化合物的组合物,以及使用螺环杂环化合物治疗或预防受试者的HIV感染的方法。
  • [EN] DERIVATIVES OF AMANITA TOXINS AND THEIR CONJUGATION TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TOXINES D'AMANITES ET LEUR CONJUGAISON À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE
    申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
    公开号:WO2017046658A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-03-23
    Derivatives of Amernita toxins of Formula (I), wherein, formula (a) R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 9, R 10, X, L, m, n and Q are defined herein. The preparation of the derivatives. The therapeutic use of the derivatives in the targeted treatment of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
    Amernita毒素的衍生物的化学式(I),其中,化学式(a)中的R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、R 9、R 10、X、L、m、n和Q在此处被定义。这些衍生物的制备。这些衍生物在靶向治疗癌症、自身免疫性疾病和传染病中的治疗用途。
  • [EN] A CONJUGATE OF A CYTOTOXIC AGENT TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE WITH BRANCHED LINKERS<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ D'UN AGENT CYTOTOXIQUE À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE AVEC DES LIEURS RAMIFIÉS
    申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
    公开号:WO2020257998A1
    公开(公告)日:2020-12-30
    Provided is a conjugation of cytotoxic drug to a cell-binding molecule with a side-chain linker. It provides side-chain linkage methods of making a conjugate of a cytotoxic molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and immunological disorders.
    提供了一种将细胞毒性药物与一个侧链连接分子结合的共轭物。它提供了制备细胞毒性分子与细胞结合配体的共轭物的侧链连接方法,以及在靶向治疗癌症、感染和免疫性疾病中使用该共轭物的方法。
  • [EN] CROSS-LINKED PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE DIMER (PBD) DERIVATIVE AND ITS CONJUGATES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ DE DIMÈRE DE PYRROLOBENZODIAZÉPINE RÉTICULÉ (PBD) ET SES CONJUGUÉS
    申请人:HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
    公开号:WO2020006722A1
    公开(公告)日:2020-01-09
    A novel cross-linked cytotoxic agents, pyrrolobenzo-diazepine dimer (PBD) derivatives, and their conjugates to a cell-binding molecule, a method for preparation of the conjugates and the therapeutic use of the conjugates.
    一种新型的交联细胞毒剂,吡咯苯并二氮杂环二聚体(PBD)衍生物,以及它们与细胞结合分子的结合物,一种制备这些结合物的方法以及这些结合物的治疗用途。
  • [EN] AZADECALIN DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS REPLICATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'AZADÉCALINE EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE LA RÉPLICATION DU VIRUS DE L'IMMUNODÉFICIENCE HUMAINE
    申请人:VIIV HEALTHCARE UK (NO 5) LTD
    公开号:WO2018002848A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-01-04
    Compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are set forth. In particular, azadecaline derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity are provided as HIV maturation inhibitors, as represented by compounds of Formula (I). These compounds are useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
    具有药物和生物影响特性的化合物,其药物组合物和使用方法已列出。具体来说,提供了具有独特抗病毒活性的阿扎德卡林衍生物,作为HIV成熟抑制剂,如化合物(I)的公式所代表的那样。这些化合物对于治疗HIV和艾滋病是有用的。
查看更多