Azodicarbonamide appears as a yellow to orange powder. Insoluble in water and common solvents. Soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Nontoxic.
颜色/状态：
Orange-red crystals
蒸汽压力：
1.88X10-10 mm Hg @ 20 °C
稳定性/保质期：
Does not react with plasticizers and other components of plastics.
分解：
/Azoformamide/ shows a high rate of pressure rise on thermal decomposition. Energy of decomposition (in range 160-230 °C) measured as 1.36 kJ/g by /Differential Scanning Calorimeter/, and Tait24 was determined as 120 °C by adiabatic Dewar tests, with an apparent energy of activation of 131 kJ/mol.
Azodicarbonamide is readily converted to biurea, the only breakdown product identified, and it is likely that systemic exposure is principally to this derivative rather than to the parent compound.
Azodicarbonamide is readily converted to biurea, the only breakdown product identified, and it is likely that systemic exposure is principally to this derivative rather than to the parent compound. Biurea is then eliminated rapidly from all tissues with the majority of the elimination via the urine (L1214, A336).
IDENTIFICATION: Azodicarbonamide is a synthetic chemical that exists at ambient temperatures as a yellow orange crystalline soild. It is poorly soluble in water. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Studies in humans have concentrated soley on the ability of this chemical to induce asthma and skin sensitization. Evidence that azodicarbonamide can induce asthma in humans has found from bronchial challenge studies with symptomatic individuals and from health evaluations of employees at workplaces where this cgemical is manufactured or used. On the basis that this chemical is a human asthmagen and the concentrations required to induce asthma in a non-sensitive individual or to provoke a response in a sensitive individual is unknown, it is concluded that there is a risk to human health under present occupational exposure conditions. Exposure of the general public to this chemical could notbe evaluated because of the lack of data. ANIMAL STUDIES: Toxicokinetic data on azodicarbonamide are limited, but the chemical appears to be well absorbed by the inhalation and oral routes of in rodents. Substantial quantities of the substance remain unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are passed out in the feces. The compound is readily converted to biurea (hydrazocarbonamide), the only breakdown product identified, and it is likely that systemic exposure is principally to this derivative rather than to the parent compound. Elimination of this compound and hydrazocarbonamide is rapid, occurring predominantly via the urine, and there is very little systemic retention of hydrazocarbonamide. Azodicarbonamide is of low acute toxicity and does not cause skin, eye or respiratory tract irritation in experimental animals. Results from a poorly conducted skin sensitization study were negative, and there was no evidence of an asthmatic type response in guinea pigs in one study. Repeated oral exposures resulted in the appearance of pyelonephritis with casts and crystalline deposits in renal tubuli in several species. The dose levels required to induce these effects were high. This compound was found to be a mutagen in bacterial systems, there was no evidence this effect would be expressed in vivo. The carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity of azodicarboxamide have not been examined in detail, but no tumorigenic or antifertility effects were observed in early studies in which animals were treated wit the breakdown product hydrazocarbonamide. Developmental toxicity has not been studied. No observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for fish and the water flea have been reported.
Azodicarbonamide prevents the progression of human CD4+ T lymphocytes into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, inhibits their blastogenesis, down-regulates their membrane expression of CD25 and CD69, and decreases their transcription of cytokine genes (A337).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
健康影响
中毒可能导致人的肺部过敏和皮炎（L1214）。
Poisoning can cause pulmonary sensitization and dermatitis in people (L1214).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶被吸收进入人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
30% of the dose given by gavage to F344 rats was found to be absorbed in 72 hr after administration. Upon inhalation, /1,1-azobisformamide/ is readily converted into biurea under physiological conditions, and biurea was the only 14C-labeled compound present in excreta. Excretion occurs predominantly via the urine.
Absorption of azodicarbonamide has been demonstrated following both a single inhalation exposure of up to 6 hr (34% of dose) and a single oral administration (10-33% of dose) of radiolabelled azodicarbonamide to rats. In contrast, approximately 90% of a single intratracheally instilled dose was apparently absorbed. The difference in absorption between inhaled and intratracheally instilled azodicarbonamide could be related to the fact that much of the inhaled azodicarbonamide did not reach the lower respiratory tract. Half an hour after a 6-hr nose-only exposure of rats to 25 mg/cu m of a dry aerosol (average mass aerodynamic diameter 3.4 um), 78% of the calculated total intake was located in the gastrointestinal tract. Following exposure by both inhalation and oral routes, substantial quantities of the substance remain unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are passed out in the feces. ...Elimination of absorbed azodicarbonamide/biurea is rapid, occurring predominantly via the urine, and there is very little systemic retention of biurea.
Emission from Regioisomeric Bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes during Pulse Radiolysis
摘要：
Emission from charge recombination between radical cations and anions of a series of regioisomeric 1,4-, 1,3-, and 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes (bPEBs) substituted by various electron donor and/or acceptor groups was measured during pulse radiolysis in benzene (Bz). The formation of bPEB in the excited singlet state ((1)bPEB*) can be attributed to the charge recombination between bPEB(center dot+) and bPEB(center dot-), which are initially generated from the radiolytic reaction. This mechanism is reasonably explained by the relationship between the annihilation enthalpy change (-Delta H degrees) for the charge recombination of bPEB(center dot+) and bPEB(center dot-) and excitation energy of (1)bPEB*. Since the degree of the pi-conjugation in the S-1 state and HOMO-LUMO levels of bPEB change with the substitution pattern of phenylacetylene groups on the central benzene ring and the various kinds of donor and/or acceptor group, the fine-tuning of the emission color and intensity of bPEB can be easily carried out during pulse radiolysis in Bz. For donor-acceptor-substituted bPEB, it was found that the difference in the charge transfer conjugated pathways between donor and acceptor substituents (linear-, cross-, and "bent"-conjugated pathways) strongly influenced the HOMO-LUMO energy gap.
2,N-6-disubstituted adenosines and their antihypertensive methods of use
申请人：Glaxo Group Limited
公开号：US05032583A1
公开（公告）日：1991-07-16
Compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom, or a methyl group; and R represents a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, which ring is substituted by a hydroxy group, and is optionally substituted by a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group and salts and solvates thereof. The new compounds have been found to exhibit activities such as an anti-lipolytic action. Processes for preparing the compounds of formula (I) and compositions containing them are also described.
Divergent Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted 1,2-Dihydroquinoxalines and Diimines by Cascade Reactions of CF<sub>3</sub>–Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides with Azo Compounds
A base-mediatedcascade reaction of CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides and azo compounds has been achieved, allowing for facile access to trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinoxalines and diimines in moderate to excellent yields. Noteworthy is that the unusual N–N bond cleavage and rearrangement of azo compounds are involved in the transformations.
