AbstractA series ofbis‐quaternary ammonium salts was easily prepared by the reaction of a long‐chaintert‐alkylamine with epichlorohydrin, and their surface‐active properties were measured. The prepared amphipathic compounds had good water solubility and showed characteristic surface‐active properties, particularly, extremely excellent foaming ability and foam stability for some specific compounds, such as the compound with a dodecyl and a tetradecyl group as the lipophilic chains. Their critical micelle concentration, which decreased with increased alkyl chainlength, is two orders of magnitude lower compared with the conventionalmono‐quaternary ammonium salts. In comparison with surface‐active properties ofbis‐quaternary ammonium salts, prepared from various organic dichlorides, there are little differences based on the kind of connecting group in the surface‐active properties except for foaming.
摘要 通过长链烷基胺与环氧氯丙烷的反应,轻松制备了一系列双季铵盐,并对其表面活性性能进行了测定。所制备的两性化合物具有良好的水溶性,并表现出特有的表面活性特性,特别是某些特定化合物,如以十二烷基和十四烷基为亲脂链的化合物,具有极佳的发泡能力和泡沫稳定性。它们的临界胶束浓度随着烷基链长的增加而降低,与传统的一元季铵盐相比低两个数量级。与由各种有机二氯化物制备的双季铵盐的表面活性特性相比,除了起泡性之外,连接基团的种类在表面活性特性方面几乎没有差别。