代谢
酯酶在肝脏中大量代谢二氧辛酸二甲双酯(diroximel fumarate)及其生物等效药物甲基丙烯酸二甲酯(dimethyl fumarate)。这些酶在胃肠道、组织和血液中含量丰富。这种药物的酯酶代谢产生活性代谢物单甲基丙烯酸酯(MMF),然后它进入系统循环。此外,主要的无活性代谢物2-羟乙基琥珀酰亚胺(HES)以及少量的甲醇和另一种无活性代谢物RDC-8439也会产生。在酯酶代谢之后,三羧酸(TCA)循环进一步代谢MMF。MMF在血浆中的主要代谢物包括丙烯酸、柠檬酸和葡萄糖。重要的是,甲醇是甲基丙烯酸二甲酯代谢的主要代谢物,但在二氧辛酸二甲双酯代谢中是次要的,这使其具有较低的胃肠道副作用风险。
Esterases heavily metabolize diroximel fumarate, as well as its bioequivalent drug, dimethyl fumarate, in the liver. These enzymes are present in high quantities in the gastrointestinal tract, tissues, and blood. Esterase metabolism of this drug produces the active metabolite, mono methyl fumarate (MMF), before it moves to the systemic circulation. In addition, the major inactive metabolite, 2-hydroxyethyl succinimide (HES) is produced along with small amounts of methanol, and another inactive metabolite, RDC-8439. Following esterase metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle further metabolizes MMF. The major metabolites of MMF in plasma include fumaric acid, citric acid, and glucose. It is important that methanol is a major metabolite of dimethyl fumarate metabolism, but a minor metabolite of diroximel fumarate metabolism, conferring its lower risk of gastrointestinal effects.
来源:DrugBank