IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dotricantane is a higher n-alkane containing 32 carbon atoms (C32). It is used in research. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Inhalation studies in cigarette-smoking baboons have been performed using (14)C-dotriacontane as a label for particulate matter. (14)C-dotriacontane was recovered from the lungs lavage. Samples of the pork, veal and chicken contained n-alkanes ranged from C12-C33.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/
Samples of the pork, veal and chicken imported into Italy from other countries were analyzed to ascertain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed overall n-alkane levels to be in the range of 0.3-10.5 ppm. n-Alkanes ranged from C12-C33. Phytenes were found only in bovine tissue. No alkenes were present in any of the samples analyzed. /n-Alkanes/
Nose only inhalation exposure and intratracheal inoculation were described as methods which allow lung only exposures to hazardous materials. For nose only inhalation studies, animals were restrained in stocklike holders or whole body tubes and the nose of each animal protruded into either a chamber or channel where the aerosols were delivered. Over 70% of the material was deposited in the lung of the exposed animals, compared to 13% obtained by traditional exposure methods. There was little external body exposure and therefore little ingestion through preening. Particulate deposition and distribution were quite reproducible, with animal to animal variation of less than 20%. The major disadvantage to the nose only exposure system was that the animals were restrained and not allowed access to food or water during exposure. Results obtained using dotriacontane and catechol were described. For intratracheal inoculation, the material being studied was placed in the lung to allow direct interaction with lung cells. A blunt needle was carefully inserted down the throat of the animal, past the tracheal rings to the bifurcation of the lung where the material was injected. The technique was similar for rats, mice, and hamsters. The procedure was fairly simple and rapid, allowing injection of many animals per day. A wide range of treatment doses could be given and repeated over long periods of time; the chemicals bypassed the upper respiratory tract. The disadvantages to the method included the fact that this was not a normal route of exposure, anesthesia was required, the particle size delivered to the lung may not be uniform, and special care was needed to insure that animals survived the procedure.
Effects of nitric oxide donors on cardiac contractility in wild-type and myoglobin-deficient mice
作者：J W Wegener、A Gödecke、J Schrader、H Nawrath
DOI：10.1038/sj.bjp.0704740
日期：2002.6
The effects of the nitric oxide (NO) donors S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), sodium(Z)‐1‐(N,N‐diethylamino)diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate (DEA‐NONOate), and (Z)‐1‐[N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐N‐(2‐ammonioethyl)amino]diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate (DETA‐NONOate) on force of contraction (Fc) were studied in atrial and ventricular muscle strips obtained from wild‐type (WT) and myoglobin‐deficient (myo−/−) mice.SNAP slightly reduced Fc in preparations from WT mice at concentrations above 100 μM; this effect was more pronounced in myo−/− mice.DEA‐NONOate reduced Fc in preparations from myo−/− mice to a larger extent than those from WT mice.DETA‐NONOate reduced Fc in preparations from myo−/− but not from WT mice.Pre‐incubation with an inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one; 100 μM) prevented the effects of SNAP, DEA‐NONOate and DETA‐NONOate on Fc in myo−/− mice.It is suggested that, in physiological conditions, myoglobin acts as intracellular scavenger preventing NO from reaching its intracellular receptors in cardiomyocytes, whereas, in myoglobin‐deficient conditions, NO is able to reduce contractility via activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic GMP pathway.British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 136, 415–420; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704740
Reductive Homocoupling of Organohalides Using Nickel(II) Chloride and Samarium Metal
作者：Yongjun Liu、Shuhuan Xiao、Yan Qi、Feng Du
DOI：10.1002/asia.201601712
日期：2017.3.16
(benzyl, aryl, heterocyclic, alkenyl and alkyl halides), α‐haloacetophenones, and phenyl organosulfonates were tolerated, and the reaction afforded coupling products with high efficiency. Excellent chemoselectivity was exhibited between halides and other groups, such as −COOH, −NO2, halogen, heterocyclic ring, ester, and ketone groups. The stereoselectivity suggested that the reactionmechanism might
thanks to a simple immersion in acidic PdII-based solutions producing a displacement reaction. The as-prepared metallic interfaces exhibit outstanding catalytic capabilities especially in the cleavage of carbon–halogen bonds while being chemically/electrochemically quite stable and relatively inexpensive. More specifically, the use of such glassy carbon/Ag–Pd electrodes in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing
精心制作了微米厚的银钯合金层，以修饰玻璃碳电极的表面。这种表面改性可以通过在碳上进行初步的银恒电流沉积，然后进行“钯化”步骤来轻松实现，这要归功于简单地浸入基于酸性Pd II的溶液中，从而产生置换反应。所制备的金属界面表现出出色的催化能力，尤其是在碳-卤素键的裂解中，同时在化学/电化学上相当稳定且相对便宜。更具体地，在二甲基甲含有四烷基铵盐使用这样的玻璃碳/银-钯电极（DMF）（TAA + X -）使伯烷基碘化物的单电子还原成为可能; 这种减少导致高产的同二聚体的形成。瞬态自由基的形成是由均偶联反应引起的。
Efficient Heterogeneous Dual Catalyst Systems for Alkane Metathesis
作者：Zheng Huang、Eleanor Rolfe、Emily C. Carson、Maurice Brookhart、Alan S. Goldman、Sahar H. El-Khalafy、Amy H. Roy MacArthur
DOI：10.1002/adsc.200900539
日期：2010.1.4
A fully heterogeneous and highly efficient dual catalyst system for alkane metathesis (AM) has been developed. The system is comprised of an alumina‐supported iridiumpincercatalyst for alkanedehydrogenation/olefin hydrogenation and a second heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst. The iridiumcatalysts bear basic functional groups on the aromatic backbone of the pincer ligand and are strongly adsorbed
The Reductive Coupling of Organic Halide Using Hydrazine and a Palladium Catalyst. II. Homocoupling of 1-Iodoalkanes
作者：Riichiro Nakajima、Kazuhiro Morita、Tadashi Hara
DOI：10.1246/bcsj.54.3599
日期：1981.11
The hydrogenolysis and dimerization of iodoalkanes were catalyzed by Pd in the presence of an appropriate reducing agent. Hydrazine was found to be effective for the coupling of 1-iodoeicosane to give tetracontane, C40H82, in a 74% yield. The yield of the coupling product decreased with the decrease of the number of the carbon atoms in the 1-iodoalkanes. Both alkylhydrazines and alkenes were shown
