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硝酸戊酯 | 1002-16-0

中文名称
硝酸戊酯
中文别名
硝酸正戊酯;正戊基硝酸酯
英文名称
amyl nitrate
英文别名
1-nitrooxy-pentane;1-pentanol nitrate;5-nitrooxypentane;1-pentyl nitrate;n-pentyl nitrate;pentyl nitrate
硝酸戊酯化学式
CAS
1002-16-0
化学式
C5H11NO3
mdl
MFCD00059177
分子量
133.147
InChiKey
HSNWZBCBUUSSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -123.2°C
  • 沸点:
    157 °C
  • 密度:
    1.00
  • 闪点:
    52 °C
  • 溶解度:
    氯仿(可溶)、甲醇(微溶)
  • 介电常数:
    9.0(18℃)
  • 物理描述:
    Amyl nitrate appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Flash point 118°F. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as an additive for diesel fuels.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Slightly yellow liquid
  • 气味:
    Sickening sweet odor
  • 蒸汽压力:
    5.07 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    0.00 atm-m3/mole
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    3.14e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
  • 保留指数:
    900;901;902;905;903
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 遇明火、高热易引起燃烧,与还原剂反应有氧化性。

    2. 稳定性:稳定。

    3. 禁配物:还原剂、氧化剂。

    4. 应避免接触的条件:受热。

    5. 聚合危害:不聚合。

    6. 分解产物:氮氧化物。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.7
  • 重原子数:
    9
  • 可旋转键数:
    4
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    55
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    3

ADMET

毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:戊硝是一种微黄色的液体。它在军事上被使用,曾被用来提高柴油的十六烷值,也是奥托燃料II的一个组成部分。人体研究:在动物吸入研究中,实验室接触戊硝的人员出现了恶心和头痛。患者口服摄入戊硝后出现高血红蛋白症。一名患者的高血红蛋白分数为90.6%。动物研究:在空气中接触了测量浓度的戊硝的猫、豚鼠、兔、大鼠和小鼠。敏感性降低的顺序是:小鼠>大鼠和兔>豚鼠>猫。然而,除了在所有接触中幸存的猫,包括最高的3730 ppm,持续7小时,物种之间的差异敏感性很小。所有物种在每天7小时的情况下,600 ppm的浓度下持续10天或262 ppm的浓度下持续20天都能存活。戊硝的高致死平产生的症状和体征包括震颤、共济失调、呼吸改变、嗜睡、发绀、惊厥、昏迷和死亡。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Amyl nitrate is a slightly yellow liquid. It is used in the military, has been used to increase the cetane number of diesel fuels, and is also a component of Otto fuel II. HUMAN STUDIES: Persons exposed in the laboratory during an inhalation study in animals developed nausea and headache. Patients presented with methemoglobinemia following oral ingestion of amyl nitrate. One patient had a methemoglobin fraction of 90.6%. ANIMAL STUDIES: Cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and mice were exposed to measured concentrations of amyl nitrates in air. The order of decreasing susceptibility is mouse > rat and rabbit > guinea pig > cat. However, except for the cat, which survived all exposures including the highest, 3730 ppm for 7 hr, the differential susceptibility among species was small. All species survived exposures of 600 ppm for 10 days at 7 hr/day or 262 ppm for 20 days at 7 hr/day. High lethal levels of amyl nitrate produced signs and symptoms which were characterized by tremors, ataxia, alterations in respiration, lethargy, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, and deaths.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 副作用
血红蛋白血症 - 血液中高血红蛋白含量增加;该化合物被归类为继发性毒性效应。
Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 毒性数据
LCLo(小鼠)= 1,807 ppm/7小时
LCLo (mouse) = 1,807 ppm/7hr
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清洗。如果患者停止呼吸,开始进行人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、气囊面罩装置或口袋面罩,按培训操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐,让患者前倾或置于左侧卧位(如果可能的话,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止窒息。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/硝酸盐亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
基本治疗:建立专利气道(如需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有必要,协助通气。通过非重复呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……预见癫痫发作并视需要进行治疗……对于眼睛污染,立即用冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中,用0.9%的生理盐(NS)持续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的呕吐反射且不流口,则用冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的进行稀释。给予活性炭……./硝酸盐亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    3.1
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S24/25
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    QV0600000
  • 海关编码:
    2920909090
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险类别:
    3.1
  • 危险品运输编号:
    1112
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项:应将物品存放在阴凉、通风的库房中,远离火种与热源,库温不宜超过37℃。确保容器密封,并与其他化学品分开存放,尤其是避免与氧化剂和还原剂混储。使用防爆型照明和通风设施,并禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储存区应配备泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

SDS:66b5644ad77044a3eb1dd8b7de5461f5
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第一部分:化学品名称

制备方法与用途

用途:用于有机合成。

类别:易燃液体

毒性分级:中毒

急性毒性:

  • 吸入 - 大鼠 LD50: 3,593 ppm
  • 吸入 - 小鼠 LD50: 1,374 ppm

爆炸物危险特性:氧化剂

可燃性危险特性:遇明火、高温或还原剂可燃;燃烧时产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾。

储运特性:

  • 包装需完好,轻拿轻放;
  • 库房应保持通风,远离明火和高温,并与氧化剂及还原剂分开存放。

灭火剂:

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    硝酸戊酯 以 gaseous matrix 为溶剂, 生成 二氧化氮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    C 3 C 5硝酸盐的紫外线吸收截面和光解产物的温度依赖性
    摘要:
    腔衰荡光谱法已被用来测量1-丙基,2-丙基,1-丁基和1-戊基硝酸盐的紫外吸收截面随温度在265至340 nm之间的变化。吸收截面随温度从238K增加到298K。研究了这些C 3 C 5烷基硝酸盐在308 nm处的光解离;唯一的碎裂通道是RO-NO 2键断裂形成RO + NO 2。NO 2的产率为1.0±0.1,与温度无关。计算了C 3 C 5烷基硝酸盐的对流层光解速率。
    DOI:
    10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01011-7
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    戊醇硫酸硝酸 作用下, 生成 硝酸戊酯
    参考文献:
    名称:
    番茄中一些异常的少量挥发性成分。
    摘要:
    讨论了番茄中三种次要的异常挥发性成分的身份和可能的起源。它们是硝酸戊酯,这是新鲜蔬菜或水果中挥发性硝酸烷基酯的首个鉴定;5-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮除存在于番茄中外,还被发现是纯净的(Z)-3-己烯醛的主要自氧化产物。和5-乙基环戊烯-1-甲醛,可能是不常见的亚麻酸氧化产物。
    DOI:
    10.1021/jf040176a
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    .alpha.-Nitro ketones. 5. Synthesis of 2-nitrocyclopentanones
    摘要:
    DOI:
    10.1021/jo00338a017
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文献信息

  • Manufacture of nitric acid esters
    申请人:SHARPLES CHEMICALS INC
    公开号:US02294849A1
    公开(公告)日:1942-09-01

    540,050. Alkyl nitrates. STEVENS, A. H. (Sharples Solvents Corporation). March 29, 1940, No. 5722. Drawings to Specification. [Class 2 (iii)] Alkyl nitrates are produced by reacting in alcohol with nitric acid of 35-68 per cent. strength under a pressure of 20-650 mm., the nitrate being removed by azeotropicdistillation, water (or in the case of ethyl or methyl nitrate, the ester) being returned from the distillate or otherwise to the reaction vessel to prevent accumulation of ester or water. The invention is applicable to the esterification of dihydric alcohols. Urea is preferably added during the process, and the water to be returned may be added in the form of solvent or diluent of the nitric acid, urea or alcohol. Examples 1-11 describe the esterification of n-butyl, 2-chlorethyl, mixed amyl, secondary amyl, iso-amyl, n-amyl, n-hexyl, secondary hexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, cyclohexyl, and octyl nitrates, using the reagents in the liquid phase. The alcohol may be supplied in the liquid or vapour phase. Another example describes the production of isopropyl nitrate, the alcohol being supplied in the form of vapour above the surface of the nitric acid. Specification 379,312 is referred to.

    540,050. 烷基硝酸酯。史蒂文斯,A.H.(夏普尔斯溶剂公司)。1940年3月29日,编号5722。按照规范进行绘图。[2类(iii)] 烷基硝酸酯是通过在35-68%浓度的硝酸中,与醇在20-650毫米压力下反应制得,通过共沸蒸馏去除硝酸酯,从蒸馏液中返回(或在乙酸乙酯甲酸乙酯的情况下,返回酯)到反应容器中,以防止酯或的积累。该发明适用于二元醇的酯化。在过程中最好添加尿素,并且要返回的可以以溶剂或稀释剂的形式添加到硝酸尿素或醇中。示例1-11描述了在液相中使用试剂对正丁基、2-乙基、混合戊基、次戊基、异戊基、正戊基、正己基、次己基、2-乙氧基乙基、环己基和辛基硝酸酯进行酯化。醇可以以液态或气态形式提供。另一个示例描述了异丙基硝酸酯的生产,醇以气态形式供应在硝酸表面之上。参考规范379,312。
  • Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of Cl Atoms with a Series of C<sub>3</sub>−C<sub>6</sub> Hydroxyalkyl Nitrates at 296 ± 2 K
    作者:Keren Treves、Lea Shragina、Yinon Rudich
    DOI:10.1021/jp020088y
    日期:2002.6.1
    Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of C 3 -C 6 , hydroxyalkyl nitrates of atmospheric interest have been determined at 2962 K and atmospheric pressure. The experiments were conducted using the relative rate technique combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling followed by gas chromatography (GC) analysis with an electron capture detector (ECD)
    原子与大气中感兴趣的一系列 C 3 -C 6 硝酸羟烷基酯的气相反应的速率系数已在 296 ' 2 K 和大气压下确定。实验使用相对速率技术结合固相微萃取 (SPME) 采样,然后使用电子捕获检测器 (ECD) 进行气相色谱 (GC) 分析。实验在可折叠的 100 L PVF 薄膜 (Tedlar) 反应室中进行。结果表明,与相应的硝酸烷基酯和二硝酸烷基酯相比,羟基的存在增强了硝酸羟烷基酯对Cl原子的反应性。Cl原子对硝酸羟烷基酯的反应性随着烷基链的长度以及羟基和硝基氧基之间的分离增加而增加。使用确定的速率系数计算对流层寿命,并简要讨论大气影响。
  • [EN] CYCLIC IMINOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'IMINOPYRIMIDINE CYCLIQUES UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE KINASES
    申请人:ABM THERAPEUTICS INC
    公开号:WO2019060611A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-03-28
    Provided are cyclic iminopyridimdine compounds and their bicyclic derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds or compositions, such as methods of treating a proliferation disorder, such as a cancer or a tumor, or in some embodiments disease or disorders related to the dysregulation of kinase such as, but not limited to B-Raf V600E kinase.
    提供了环状亚胺吡啶二烷化合物及其双环衍生物,包括这些化合物的药物组合物,以及使用这些化合物或组合物的方法,例如治疗增殖紊乱疾病的方法,如癌症或肿瘤,或在某些情况下与激酶失调相关的疾病或紊乱,例如但不限于B-Raf V600E激酶。
  • Convenient Preparation of Alkyl Nitrates Free of Nitrites with Potassium Nitrate and Boron Trifluoride Hydrate
    作者:George A. Olah、Qi Wang、Xing-ya Li、G. K. Surya Prakash
    DOI:10.1055/s-1993-25830
    日期:——
    Primary and secondary alkyl nitrates free of nitrites were conveniently prepared by treating the corresponding alcohols with potassium nitrate and boron trifluoride 1.25 hydrate. This procedure was also successful for the preparation of 1-adamantyl nitrate.
    不含亚硝酸盐的一级和二级烷基硝酸酯可通过方便地将相应醇与硝酸钾硼酸合物(1.25合物)反应来制备。此方法同样成功用于制备硝酸金刚烷
  • Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters
    作者:Jichao An、Peipei Liu、Mengyuan Si、Wenhao Li、Pan He、Bo Yang、Guanyu Yang
    DOI:10.1039/d0ob01519a
    日期:——
    To pursue a sustainable and efficient approach for aliphatic nitroester preparation from alcohol, europium-triflate-catalyzed nitration, which directly uses commercial nitric acid, has been successfully developed. Gram scalability with operational ease showed its practicability.
    为了寻求一种可持续且高效的酒精制备脂肪族硝基酯的方法,已经成功开发了直接使用商业硝酸三氟甲磺酸催化硝化反应。Gram 可扩展性和操作简便性显示了它的实用性。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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cnmr
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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