替加氟是一种抗肿瘤药物,也被称为呋喃氟尿嘧啶、喃氟啶、呋氟啶、氟利尔、方克、夫洛夫脱兰、呋氟尿嘧啶和四氢呋喃氟尿嘧啶。它是由氟尿嘧啶的衍生物,在体外无抗肿瘤作用,但进入人体后在肝脏内通过药物代谢酶及微粒体酶P-450的作用下脱去四氢呋喃环,逐步释放出氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),从而发挥细胞毒作用。替加氟对多种肿瘤的抑制效果类似于5-FU,其机制是通过抑制胸腺嘧啶核苷合成酶,阻断脱氧嘧啶核苷酸转化为胸腺嘧啶核苷酸,进而干扰和阻止DNA、RNA及蛋白质的合成。
与5-FU相比,替加氟的化疗指数为其两倍,但毒性仅为1/6至1/5。它属于周期特异性药物,是时间依赖性细胞抑制剂,口服后吸收较好,Tmax为2小时,在体内缓慢释放出5-FU,血中药物浓度不高但维持时间长,因此体内毒性较低。静滴优于静脉一次性注射。替加氟在体内分布广泛,主要集中在肝、小肠、脾、肺、肾和脑组织中,以肝、肾中的含量最高。T1/2为5~18.6小时,抑制DNA与RNA合成的能力可持续12~20小时,在给药后24小时内由尿液排出约23%,通过呼吸道以二氧化碳形式排出55%。该药物脂溶性较高,易透过血脑屏障,脑脊液中的浓度比5-FU高。
替加氟对多种实体瘤有效,尤其适用于治疗消化系统癌。它对胃癌的有效率为30%至33%,并对结肠癌、直肠癌、肺癌、原发性和转移性肝癌、胰腺癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌、肾癌和膀胱癌等有一定疗效。此外,替加氟还可用于乳腺癌、头颈部鳞癌、支气管肺癌及肝癌的治疗,并可作为放射增敏剂,在手术前后使用以防止癌症复发、扩散和转移。
总体来看,替加氟在临床上的效果略优于5-FU。
化学性质白色结晶性粉末。熔点164-165℃,易溶于热水与乙醇及二甲基甲酰胺,不溶于醚或苯。无臭,味苦。
用途替加氟是5-氟脲嘧啶的衍生物,作用和用途与5-氟脲嘧啶相同,但毒性较低,化疗指数高。在体内经肝酶活化后转化为5-氟脲嘧啶而发挥抗癌作用。它对胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌及乳腺癌、肺癌有效。
用途替加弗是氟尿嘧啶的衍生物,具有抗癌作用
用途用于生化研究和抗肿瘤治疗
生产方法由5-氟脲嘧啶与2-乙酰氧基四氢呋喃缩合而得,该法收率仅为15%左右。另一生产方法是以5-氟脲嘧啶、六甲基二硅氨烷及三甲基氯硅烷为起始原料合成替加弗。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3-(2-四氢呋喃基)-5-氟尿嘧啶 | 5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 63901-83-7 | C8H9FN2O3 | 200.169 |
四氢呋喃尿嘧啶 | 1-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-uracil | 18002-26-1 | C8H10N2O3 | 182.179 |
1,3-二(四氢-2-呋喃基)-5-氟尿嘧啶 | 1,3-bis(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil | 62987-05-7 | C12H15FN2O4 | 270.261 |
去氧氟尿苷 | doxifluridine | 3094-09-5 | C9H11FN2O5 | 246.195 |
1-(2-四氢呋喃基)-5-甲氧基羰基尿嘧啶 | 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-methoxycarbonyluracil | 65906-07-2 | C10H12N2O5 | 240.216 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 5-fluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 81339-31-3 | C8H9FN2O4 | 216.169 |
—— | 1-(trans-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil | 66067-15-0 | C8H9FN2O4 | 216.169 |
—— | 3-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil | 64504-13-8 | C9H11FN2O3 | 214.196 |
—— | 1-(trans-3-hydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil | 66067-14-9 | C8H9FN2O4 | 216.169 |
—— | 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | —— | C9H11FN2O4 | 230.196 |
—— | 3-cyanoethyl-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil | 64407-63-2 | C11H12FN3O3 | 253.233 |
—— | 3-Decyl-5-fluoro-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 64504-14-9 | C18H29FN2O3 | 340.438 |
—— | 5-Fluoro-3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 327190-01-2 | C14H21FN2O4 | 300.33 |
去氢替加氟 | 1-(4,5-dehydrotetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil | 68723-23-9 | C8H7FN2O3 | 198.154 |
—— | 5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopyrimidin-1(6H)-ylmethyl butyrate | —— | C13H17FN2O5 | 300.287 |
—— | N1-(2-furanidyl)-N3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-fluorouracil | 82178-07-2 | C10H13FN2O4 | 244.223 |
—— | (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopyrimidin-1(6H)-yl)methyl 2-propylpentanoate | —— | C17H25FN2O5 | 356.394 |
—— | 3-methylthiomethyl-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil | 64504-18-3 | C10H13FN2O3S | 260.289 |
—— | diethyl (5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopyrimidin-1(6H)-yl)methyl phosphate | —— | C13H20FN2O7P | 366.283 |
—— | 3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-5-fluorouracil | 64504-17-2 | C11H13FN2O5 | 272.233 |
—— | 3-(phenylmethyl)-1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil | 64504-15-0 | C15H15FN2O3 | 290.294 |
—— | 5-Fluoro-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 1062200-97-8 | C13H18FN3O4 | 299.302 |
—— | O,O-diethyl 6-(5-fluoro-2,6-dioxo-3-tetrahydro-2-furanyl-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-1-hydroxyhexylphosphonothioate | 378783-21-2 | C18H30FN2O6PS | 452.484 |
—— | 5-fluoro-3-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 98653-15-7 | C15H14FN3O5 | 335.292 |
—— | 3-(2-Diethoxyphosphinothioyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-5-fluoro-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 378783-19-8 | C14H22FN2O6PS | 396.377 |
—— | 5-Fluoro-3-[(4-oxidomorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)methyl]-1-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 1062200-85-4 | C13H18FN3O5 | 315.301 |
—— | 2-[[5-Fluoro-2,6-dioxo-3-(oxolan-2-yl)pyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]benzoic acid | 936095-26-0 | C16H15FN2O5 | 334.304 |
5-氟-1-(四氢-2-呋喃基)-4-[(三甲基硅烷基)氧基]-2(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-4-O-(trimethylsilyl)uracil | 79107-96-3 | C11H17FN2O3Si | 272.351 |
—— | 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-(o-nitrobenzyl)-5-fluorouracil | 98653-13-5 | C15H14FN3O5 | 335.292 |
—— | 5-fluoro-3-(2-methoxycarbonylbenzyl)-1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 936095-24-8 | C17H17FN2O5 | 348.331 |
—— | tert-butyldimethylsilylftorafur | 82475-71-6 | C14H23FN2O3Si | 314.432 |
—— | 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-(o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil | 98653-02-2 | C16H14FN3O7 | 379.301 |
—— | 3-[3-(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyridyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl]-5-fluoro-1-(2-tetrahydrofuranyl)uracil | 103767-52-8 | C21H16FN3O7 | 441.372 |
—— | 3-[3-(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-pyridyloxycarbonyl)-benzoyl]-5-fluoro-1-(2-tetrahydrofuranyl)uracil | —— | C21H16FN3O7 | 441.372 |
—— | 5-Fluoro-1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-uracil | 55185-82-5 | C8H11FN2O4 | 218.185 |