毒理性
基于 BCME(双氯甲氧基乙醚)和 CMME(氯甲氧基甲醚)在环境中的持久性较低,普通人群对这两种化合物的平均暴露量可能非常低。... 普通人群对 BCME 和 CMME 的暴露主要发生在这些杀虫剂在蚊香中被广泛燃烧的地方。... 关于这些化合物在人体内的动力学和代谢的定量信息是不可用的。然而,预计尽管体内的 BCME 和 CMME 会在组织中迅速水解为甲醛和氯化氢,以及甲醇,甲醛和氯化氢,分别,但应该存在烷基化活性。... 通过吸入或摄入,BCME 和 CMME 具有急性毒性。... 在吸入 BCME 的实验室动物研究中,观察到眼睛和呼吸道的刺激以及坏死性支气管炎。皮肤应用导致红斑和坏死,眼睛应用导致角膜坏死。暴露于 CMME 后也注意到了类似效果。在大鼠和仓鼠多次吸入暴露后观察到死亡率增加和气管上皮增生。... 在体外进行的致突变性测试中通常得到了阳性结果。... BCME 和 CMME 已被报道在体外增加非计划性 DNA 合成。... CMME 的大鼠研究显示,气管上皮转化和支气管增生的发生率以剂量依赖性方式增加。然而,在动物研究中的致癌性生物鉴定结果是不确定的。... 接触 BCME(CMME)的工人与增加肺癌风险有关。接触商业级 CMME 的工人可能也接触到了 BCME。暴露工人主要发生的肿瘤是小细胞癌,这与吸烟者通常发现的鳞状细胞癌明显不同。接触 BCME(CMME)与肺癌之间的关联是强烈的。... 接触 BCME(CMME)的工人发生的肺癌类型、潜伏期和肺肿瘤出现的平均年龄具有显著一致性。对于 CMME,也有证据表明暴露的定性测量与因肺癌死亡之间的正相关关系。... 在职业暴露过程中 BCME 和 CMME 的浓度增加了暴露工人外周淋巴细胞中染色体畸变的频率。尚未报道关于 BCME 或 CMME 对人类神经、免疫、发育或生殖影响的信息。... 关于 BCME 和 CMME 对环境生物的毒理学效应尚未有报道。
... Based upon the lack of persistence of BCME /bis(chloromethyl) ether/ and CMME /chloromethyl methyl ether/ in the environment, average human exposure to these compounds is likely to be very low. ... General population exposure to BCME and CMME occurs where they are produced by the widespread burning of this synergist in mosquito coils. ...Quantitative information on the kinetics and metabolism ... in humans is not available. However, it is anticipated that although in vivo BCME and CMME would be rapidly hydrolyzed in tissues to formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, and methanol, formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, respectively, there should be alkylation activity. ... BCME and CMME are acutely toxic by inhalation or ingestion. ...During inhalation of BCME /in laboratory animal studies/, irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract were noted as well as necrotizing bronchitis. Skin application resulted in erythema and necrosis, and application to the eye resulted in corneal necrosis. Similar effects were noted after exposure to CMME. Increased mortality and tracheal hyperplasia were observed in rats and hamsters following multiple inhalation exposure to ... BCME ... Similar results were observed in rats repeatedly exposed by inhalation to ... CMME ... In general, positive results were obtained when ... tested for mutagenicity in vitro. ... BCME and CMME have been reported to increase unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro ... Studies with CMME have shown an increased incidence of tracheal metaplasia and bronchial hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner in rats. However, results of carcinogenicity bioassays are inconclusive in animal studies. ... Exposure of workers to BCME (CMME) was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Workers exposed to commercial grade CMME were probably also exposed to BCME. The predominant tumors in exposed workers were small cell carcinomas, quite distinct from the chiefly squamous cell carcinomas usually found in smokers. The association between exposure to BCME (CMME) and lung cancer was strong ... The type of lung cancer, latency period and average age of appearance of lung tumors in workers exposed to BCME (CMME) has been remarkably consistent. For CMME, there is also evidence of a positive relationship between a qualitative measure of exposure and mortality due to lung cancer. ... Concentrations /of BCME and CMME/ ... in the course of occupational exposure increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes of exposed workers. Information has not been reported regarding the neurological, immunological, developmental or reproductive effects of BCME or CMME in humans. ... No information on the toxicological effects of BCME and CMME on environmental organisms has been reported.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)