高效阻聚剂N-NO | 86-30-6

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 氨基化合物 - 环烷胺、芳香单胺、芳香多胺及其衍生物和盐
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 高效阻聚剂N-NO
• 中文别名: 防焦剂NA；高效阴聚剂N-NO；二苯基亚硝胺；二苯亚硝胺；N-亚硝基二苯胺；亚硝基二苯胺；N-亚硝基-N-苯基-苯胺；N-亞硝二苯胺
• 英文名称: N-nitrosodiphenylamine
• 英文别名: N,N-diphenylnitrous amide
• CAS: 86-30-6
• 化学式: C₁₂H₁₀N₂O
• mdl: MFCD00019920
• 分子量: 198.224
• InChiKey: UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  65-66 °C
• 沸点：
  268°C
• 密度：
  1.23
• 闪点：
  11 °C
• 溶解度：
  溶于甲醇，溶解度为0.1g/mL，澄清
• LogP：
  3.13 at 25℃
• 物理描述：
  N-nitrosodiphenylamine appears as yellow to brown or orange powder or flakes or a black solid. Insoluble in water and denser in water. Hence sinks in water. (NTP, 1992)
• 颜色/状态：
  Yellow plates from ligroin
• 蒸汽压力：
  7.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
• 稳定性/保质期：
  在盐酸甲醇溶液中，该物质会发生重排反应生成对亚硝基二苯胺。它容易被氧化，并属于有机毒品类别。
• 分解：
  Energy of decomposition (in range 300-500 °C) measured as 0.65 kJ/g.
• 保留指数：
  1865;274.9

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.1
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  32.7
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

异生物质生物转化系统的状态在给雄性白化大鼠单次口服二苯胺（DPA）和N-亚硝基二苯胺（NDPA）后进行了研究。...细胞色素P-450的总含量和NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶的活性有所增加，同时微囊体谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性显著升高。这与大鼠肝细胞质谷胱甘肽S-转移酶多功能家族个别同工酶活性的诱导和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的增加相伴随。...二苯胺/刺激/了膜结合型和可溶性谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性。...

The state of the xenobiotic biotransformation system has been studied after a single per os administration of diphenylamine (DPA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPA) to male albino rats. ... There was an increase in the total content of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase as well as a marked elevation of activity of microsomal glutathione S-transferase. This was paralleled with the induction of activity of individual isoenzymes of the multifunctional family of rat liver cytosol glutathione S-transferases and increased activity of glutathione reductase. ... Diphenylamine /stimulated/ the activity of both membrane-bound and soluble glutathione S-transferases. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

每天有数百万人从不同的环境来源暴露于N-亚硝胺。目前的研究旨在调查N-亚硝胺在改变同型半胱氨酸、脂质谱、氧化应激、对氧磷酶活性、抗氧化酶和自由基方面的作用，这些都是心血管疾病的重要风险因素。此外，在大鼠连续两周每天以0.2毫克/千克体重的剂量用N-亚硝基二丁胺（NDBA）、N-亚硝基乙基丁胺（NEBA）、N-亚硝基丁基丙胺（NBPA）、N-亚硝基二乙胺（NDEA）、N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）和N-亚硝基二苯胺（NDPA）处理后，检测了心血管疾病的生物标志物，如肌酸激酶MB活性（CK-MB）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶p同工酶的蛋白表达。与对照组相比，大多数N-亚硝胺处理后，大鼠的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平、对氧磷酶活性、还原型谷胱甘肽水平和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性增加，而高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平降低。此外，一些N-亚硝胺处理后，自由基水平和过氧化氢酶活性增加，而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的蛋白表达降低。数据显示，大多数N-亚硝胺增加了CK-MB和LDH的活性。因此，可以得出结论，N-亚硝胺增加了自由基的水平，并降低了抗氧化酶的活性，这可能会增加心血管疾病的发生率。

Millions of people are exposed daily to N-nitrosamines from different environmental sources. The present study aims at investigating the role of N-nitrosamines in the alteration of homocysteine, lipid profile, oxidative stress, paraoxonase activity, antioxidant enzymes, and free radicals which are important risk factors for CVD. In addition, biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases such as creatine kinase MB activity (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as protein expression of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase p isozyme were assayed after treatment of rats with 0.2 mg/kg body weight of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosoethylbutylamine (NEBA), N-nitrosobutylpropylamine (NBPA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPA) as a daily dose for two weeks. LDL levels, paraoxonase activity, reduced glutathione levels, and glutathione reductase activities were increased, whereas HDL levels decreased after treatment of rats with most of N-nitrosamines compared to control group. Moreover, levels of free radicals and catalase activity increased, whereas protein expression of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase decreased after treatment of rats with some N-nitrosamines. The data showed that most N-nitrosamines increased CK-MB and LDH activities. It is concluded that N-nitrosamines increased levels of free radicals, and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes which may consequently increase the incidence of CVDs.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

给出了1,1-二取代肼在体外代谢转化为相应亚硝胺的证据。由还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-细胞色素c还原酶产生的超氧自由基参与了由大鼠肝脏微粒体催化的1,1-二苯肼氧化为N-亚硝基二苯胺的过程。

The ... evidence for in vitro metabolic conversion of a (carcinogen-mutagen) 1,1-disubstituted hydrazine to the corresponding nitrosamine is presented. The superoxide radical which is generated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome c reductase is involved in the oxidation of 1,1-diphenylhydrazine to N-nitrosodiphenylamine catalyzed by rat liver microsomes.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

N-亚硝基化合物的一种还原途径可能是生物活化的替代机制。在缺氧条件下，N-亚硝基二苯胺...可以通过以下酶系统代谢为1,1-二苯基肼、二苯胺，甚至可能是1,1,4,4-四苯基四唑烷：(1)添加了还原型烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸和FAD的豚鼠肝脏9000 x g上清液，(2)添加了还原型烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸、FAD以及豚鼠肝脏细胞质中30-45%硫酸铵组分的豚鼠肝脏微粒体（溶解因子），以及(3)添加了次黄嘌呤、FAD和溶解因子的黄嘌呤氧化酶。

A reductive pathway of N-nitroso cmpd may be an alternative mechanism for bioactivation. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine ... could be metabolized to 1,1-diphenylhydrazine, diphenylamine, and probably 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyltetrazane under anaerobic conditions by the following enzyme systems: (1) guinea pig liver 9000 x g supernatant supplemented with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and FAD, (2) guinea pig liver microsomes supplemented with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, FAD, and a 30-45% ammonium sulfate fraction from guinea pig liver cytosol (sol factor), and (3) xanthine oxidase supplemented with hypoxanthine, FAD, and the sol factor.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：N-亚硝基二苯胺（NDPHA）是一种固体。NDPHA是一种有效的自由基清除剂，可用于稳定单体、聚合物和石油产品。在橡胶加工中，其主要用途被认为是作为抗焦剂或在橡胶配合过程中的硫化延迟剂。它也用于制造对硝基二苯胺。人体研究：NDPHA在处理浓度高达400微克/毫升的人包皮成纤维细胞中未诱导非计划性DNA合成。动物研究：在一项急性肝毒性研究中，小鼠在连续四天前或给药前24小时一次性给予350毫克/千克/天的NDPHA，对戊巴比妥给药有特征性的肝酶诱导作用。在另一项研究中，大鼠和小鼠被喂食含有高达46000毫克/千克NDPHA的饮食，持续七周或十一周。剂量超过16000毫克/千克饮食的雌性大鼠未能存活；雌性小鼠在更高剂量下存活。在测试的最高剂量下（分别为10000和22000毫克/千克饮食），雄性大鼠和雄性小鼠未死亡。大鼠通过饮食喂食NDPHA，浓度为0、250、1000、2000、3000或4000 ppm，持续5天、2周、4周和13周。没有出现与NDPHA暴露相关的毒性临床迹象。在代谢激活的存在下，250微克/毫升的NDPHA未诱导大肠杆菌的DNA修复。在几项研究中，高达2500微克/板的NDPHA剂量未能在代谢激活的存在下诱导沙门氏菌typhimunum菌株TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA1536、TA1537、TA 1538、G46、C3076或03052的回复突变。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPHA) is a solid. NDPHA is an effective radical scavenger, and can be used to stabilize monomers, polymers and petroleum products. In rubber processing, its major use is believed to be as an anti-scorching agent, or vulcanization retarder, during rubber compounding. It is also used to make p-nitrosodiphenylamine. HUMAN STUDIES: NDPHA did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in human foreskin fibroblasts treated with up to 400 ug/mL. ANIMAL STUDIES: In an acute study of hepatotoxicity, mice given 350 mg/kg/day of NDPHA for 4 consecutive days preceding, or one dose 24 hours prior to, pentobarbital administration had effects characteristic of liver enzyme induction. In another study, rats and mice were fed diets containing up to 46000 mg/kg NDPHA for seven or 11 weeks. Female rats did not survive doses greater than 16000 mg/kg of diet; female mice survived higher doses. Male rats and male mice were not killed by the highest doses tested (10000 and 22000 mg/kg of diet, respectively). Rats were exposed to NDPHA by dietary feed at concentrations of 0, 250, 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 ppm for 5 days, 2, 4 and 13 weeks duration. There were no NDPHA exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. NDPHA at a dose of 250 ug/mL did not induce DNA repair in Escherichia coli in the presence of metabolic activation. In several studies, doses of up to 2500 ug/plate NDPHA did not induce reversions in Salmonella typhimunum strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA 1538, G46, C3076 or 03052 in the presence of metabolic activation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

没有关于人类的数据。动物致癌性证据有限。总体评估：第3组：该物质对人类致癌性无法分类。

No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：B2；可能的人类致癌物 - 基于充足的动物致癌性证据。分类依据：雄性和雌性大鼠膀胱肿瘤发生率增加，以及小鼠网状细胞肉瘤，并且结构与致癌性亚硝胺有关。

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Increased incidence of bladder tumors in male and female rats and reticulum cell sarcomas in mice, and structural relationship to carcinogenic nitrosamines.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构致癌物：N-亚硝基二苯胺

IARC Carcinogenic Agent:N-Nitrosodiphenylamine

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：第3组：无法归类其对人类致癌性

IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

吸收、分配和排泄

大鼠、兔子和豚鼠通过腹膜内注射接受50毫克/千克N-亚硝基二苯胺的研究结果表明，N-亚硝基二苯胺排入胆汁的速率以及从胆汁中清除该化学物质的速率在不同物种间有所差异。豚鼠表现出将N-亚硝基二苯胺排入胆汁的最快速度。兔子将N-亚硝基二苯胺排入胆汁的速度最慢，但从胆汁中清除该化学物质的速度最快。在大鼠中，排入胆汁和从胆汁中清除的速度都比较慢。这些物种从胆汁中清除N-亚硝基二苯胺的半衰期分别为：兔子95分钟，豚鼠240分钟，大鼠510分钟。

Results from a study of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs receiving 50 mg/kg N-nitrosodiphenylamine through intraperitoneal injection suggested that the rate of excretion of N-nitrosodiphenylamine into the bile and elimination of the chemical from the bile varies among species. Guinea pigs showed the most rapid excretion of N-nitrosodiphenylamine into the bile. Rabbits had the slowest excretion of N-nitrosodiphenylamine into the bile, but the most rapid elimination of the chemical from the bile. Both excretion to and elimination from bile were comparatively slow in the rat. The half-lives for N-nitrosodiphenylamine elimination from bile for these species are as follows: 95 minutes for rabbits, 240 minutes for guinea pigs, and 510 minutes for rats.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

大鼠尿液中代谢物的出现以及大鼠和豚鼠血清中代谢物的存在，为N-亚硝基二苯胺通过胃肠道吸收提供了间接证据。此外，大鼠和小鼠在口服研究中的系统性影响表明，N-亚硝基二苯胺在这些动物中是通过胃肠道被吸收的。

The appearance of metabolites in the urine of rats and in the serum of rats and guinea pigs following oral administration provides indirect evidence of gastrointestinal absorption of N-nitrosodiphenylamine. Furthermore, the occurrence of systemic effects in rats and mice in oral studies suggests that N-nitrosodiphenylamine is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract in these animals

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  9
• 危险品标志：
  Xn
• 安全说明：
  S16,S22,S36/37,S45,S53,S7
• 危险类别码：
  R22
• WGK Germany：
  2,3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1230 3/PG 2
• RTECS号：
  JJ9800000
• 海关编码：
  2928000090
• 储存条件：
  贮存于阴凉、通风的库房内，注意防火、防晒并保持容器密封。

制备方法与用途

化学性质
淡黄色片状结晶。熔点为66.5℃，相对密度1.24。易溶于丙酮、苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、乙醚和二硫化碳，溶于热醇，微溶于汽油，不溶于水。在盐酸甲醇溶液中能发生移位反应，转化为对亚硝基二苯胺。

用途
用作天然橡胶、合成橡胶（丁基橡胶除外）的防焦剂，也可作为已有轻微焦烧的胶料的再塑化剂，还可作高效阻聚剂。工业上还可用作天然橡胶、合成橡胶（丁基橡胶除外）的防焦剂，也可作为已有轻微焦烧的胶料的再塑化剂。此外，可代替木焦油作为氯丁橡胶的高效阴聚剂，并是防老剂4010和染料的中间体。

生产方法
由二苯胺与亚硝酸钠在硫酸存在下反应而得。亚硝化反应以乙醇或二甲苯（或氯苯）为溶剂，亚硝酸钠溶液浓度为40%，硫酸浓度为30%。于26℃左右反应2.5-3小时。反应物用水洗至pH=6-7。当采用乙醇溶剂时，烘干后得到固体产品N-亚硝基二苯胺；当采用二甲苯或氯苯作溶剂时获得液体产物，用氯化钙干燥后得液态产品。

类别
有毒物品

毒性分级
中毒

急性毒性
口服-大鼠 LD50: 1825 毫克/公斤; 口服-小鼠 LD50: 1860 毫克/公斤

刺激数据
眼睛-兔子500毫克/24小时 轻度

可燃性危险特性
遇明火可燃；受热分解产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾；与氧化剂反应

储运特性
库房通风低温干燥；与氧化剂、食品添加剂分开存放

灭火剂
二氧化碳、泡沫、砂土、雾状水

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  高效阻聚剂N-NO 在 双氧水 作用下， 以 乙醇 、 水 为溶剂， 生成 二苯胺
  参考文献：
  名称：

  N-亚硝胺对常见试剂和反应条件的反应性

  摘要：

  了解 N-亚硝胺 （NSA） 在合成中与常见有机试剂的反应性，对于确定它们在医药产品中的存在至关重要，如果它们在合成过程中形成并保留。在这项研究中，我们对 Reaxys 数据库进行了全面调查，了解消耗 NSA 官能团的所有反应。确定了不同类别的 NSA（例如 N，N-二烷基亚硝胺和 N，N-二苯基亚硝胺）的非常不同的反应性，这表明应包括在任何未来反应性筛选中的底物。根据数据，根据 NSA 的反应性以及相应的试剂和转化对 NSA 进行分类。此外，该调查还确定了不同试剂的 NSA 报告反应性中的缺失区域。这导致在 Mirabilis 工具中使用常用合成试剂对 8 种商业 NSA 进行实验反应性筛选，以进行灌注评估。结果表明，在 50 °C 下，Na2S2O4 溶于 1 M NaOH 水溶液中，可高效破坏 NSA，而不会损坏其他有机化合物。

  DOI：

  10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00217
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  二苯胺 在 亚硝酸 作用下， 生成 高效阻聚剂N-NO
  参考文献：
  名称：

  N-亚硝基化合物的酸催化反应中异常的限速质子转移

  摘要：

  对于N-甲基-N-亚硝基苯胺和N-亚硝基二苯胺，在高亲核试剂浓度下，卤离子，硫氰酸根离子和硫脲在酸性溶液中的亚硝化反应中的催化作用都消失了。这表明已更改为较早的速率限制步骤。包括速率常数随酸度的变化在内的数据在定量上与涉及亚硝胺的质子化然后亲核攻击的反应机理一致，这两个阶段均是速率限制，这取决于亲核试剂的反应性和浓度。动力学溶剂同位素效应k H 2 O / k D 2 O从0.43 M-硫脲的1.59降低到0.015 M-硫脲的0.71 ，这与从高[亲核试剂]的一般酸催化到低[亲核试剂]的特定氢离子催化的变化是一致的。在氨基氮原子上以及在苯基取代基的4位上的取代作用非常小，最大的作用是受4-NO 2基团影响的速率常数降低了三倍。这些结果与亚硝胺的已知偶极性质一致。在该系统与氨基甲酸酯衍生物的酸催化裂解反应之间存在非常相似的关系。提出了类似的机制，涉及反应物的预缔合形成氢键合的中间体。

  DOI：

  10.1039/p29840001803
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  二聚环戊二烯 、 丙烯腈 在 高效阻聚剂N-NO 作用下， 反应 7.0h， 生成 2-氰基-5-降冰片烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALDEHYDE COMPOUND

  摘要：

  公开号：

  EP2918576B1

文献信息

• Process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine
  申请人：Wang Nongyue

  公开号：US20050065376A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-03-24

  The present invention discloses a process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine, which process uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, a complex base catalyst as condensation catalyst and a powdery composite catalyst as hydrogenation catalyst, and comprises five process stages: condensation; separation I; hydrogenation; separation II; and refining. The process can be continuously carried out. By selecting a complex base catalyst to catalyze the condensation reaction and separating it prior to the hydrogenation, the problem that the complex base catalysts thermally decompose in the hydrogenation reaction is avoided, the selectable range of hydrogenation catalysts is largely enlarged so that it is possible to select cheaper hydrogenation catalyst, and the selection of production process and equipment is easier and further industrialization is easier. The complex base catalysts used in the present invention are inexpensive and have higher catalytic activity. The process can be carried out at mild conditions and can adapt to broad range of water content, by-product is less and conversion and selectivity are higher. The operational strength is low, no corrosive liquid is produced, and environment pollution is reduced. The purity of 4-aminodiphenylamine prepared can exceed 99 wt.-%, and the yield in the industrial production process can be over 95%.

  本发明公开了一种制备4-氨基二苯胺的方法，该方法使用硝基苯和苯胺作为原料，复合碱基催化剂作为缩合催化剂，粉状复合催化剂作为加氢催化剂，并包括五个工艺阶段：缩合；分离I；加氢；分离II；和精制。该方法可以连续进行。通过选择复合碱基催化剂催化缩合反应并在加氢之前分离它，避免了复合碱基催化剂在加氢反应中热分解的问题，大大扩大了可选择的加氢催化剂范围，从而可以选择更便宜的加氢催化剂，并且生产工艺和设备的选择更容易，进一步工业化更容易。本发明中使用的复合碱基催化剂价格低廉且具有较高的催化活性。该方法可以在温和条件下进行，并且可以适应广泛的含水量范围，副产物较少，转化率和选择性较高。操作强度低，不产生腐蚀性液体，减少了环境污染。制备的4-氨基二苯胺的纯度可以超过99重量％，工业生产过程中的产率可以超过95％。
• Access to Branched Allylarenes via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Allylation of (Hetero)arenes with 2-Methylidenetrimethylene Carbonate
  作者：Shang-Shi Zhang、Yi-Chuan Zheng、Zi-Wu Zhang、Shao-Yong Chen、Hui Xie、Bing Shu、Jia-Lin Song、Yan-Zhi Liu、Yao-Fu Zeng、Luyong Zhang

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01832

  日期：2021.8.6

  A rhodium(III)-catalyzed C–H allylation of (hetero)arenes by using 2-methylidenetrimethylene carbonate as an efficient allylic source has been developed for the first time. Five different directing groups including oxime, N-nitroso, purine, pyridine, and pyrimidine were compatible, delivering various branched allylarenes bearing an allylic hydroxyl group in moderate to excellent yields.

  首次开发了使用 2-亚甲基亚甲基碳酸酯作为有效烯丙基来源的铑（III）催化（杂）芳烃的 C-H 烯丙基化反应。五种不同的导向基团包括肟、N-亚硝基、嘌呤、吡啶和嘧啶是相容的，以中等至极好的产率提供带有烯丙基羟基的各种支链烯丙基芳烃。
• Selective N-Nitrosation of Amines,<i>N</i>-Alkylamides and<i>N</i>-Alkylureasby N₂O₄Supported on Cross-Linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP-N₂O₄)
  作者：Nasser Iranpoor、Habib Firouzabadi、Ali-Reza Pourali

  DOI：10.1055/s-2003-40518

  日期：——

  N2O4 was supported on the cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to afford a solid, stable and recyclable nitrosating agent. This reagent shows excellent selectivity for N-nitrosation of dialkyl amines in the presence of diaryl-, arylalkyl-, trialkylamines and also for secondary amides in dichloromethane at room temperature under mild and heterogeneous conditions. Also N-nitroso-N-alkyl amides can be selectively prepared in the presence of primary amides and N-phenylamides under similar reaction conditions. Selective N-nitrosation or dealkylation and N-nitrosation of tertiary amines can also be performed by this reagent.

  N2O4被负载在交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）上，形成一种固体、稳定且可回收的亚硝化剂。该试剂在温和的非均相条件下，室温下二氯甲烷中，对二烷基胺的N-亚硝化表现出优异的选择性，相比二芳基胺、芳基烷基胺及三烷基胺更具选择性。同时，在相似的反应条件下，该试剂也能在Primary amides和N-苯甲酰胺存在下，选择性制备N-亚硝基-N-烷基酰胺。此外，该试剂还能实现对三胺的选择性N-亚硝化和脱烷基化再N-亚硝化。
• PHENYL ISOCYANATE-BASED URETHANE ACRYLATES, PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME
  申请人：Roelle Thomas

  公开号：US20100036013A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-02-11

  Urethane acrylates of the general Formula (I), corresponding salts, solvates or solvates of a salt thereof: wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens, C 1-6 -alkyls, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 -alkylthios, C 1-6 -alkylselenos, C 1-6 -alkyltelluros, and nitro groups, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is not hydrogen; R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-6 -alkyls; and A represents a saturated or unsaturated or linear or branched C 1-6 -alkyl radical or a polyalkylene oxide radical having 2-6 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units; processes for producing and methods of using the same.

  聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的通用公式(I)，相应的盐、溶剂或盐的溶剂： 其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地代表由氢、卤素、C1-6-烷基、三氟甲基、C1-6-硫代烷基、C1-6-亚磺酰基、C1-6-亚碲酰基和硝基组成的取代基，条件是至少R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中有一个不是氢；R6和R7各自独立地代表由氢和C1-6-烷基组成的取代基；A代表饱和或不饱和或直线或支链的C1-6-烷基自由基或具有2-6个环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷单元的聚醚自由基；以及生产和使用它们的方法。
• Ionic liquid 1-(4-nitritobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a new reagent for the efficient N-nitrosation of secondary amines under mild conditions
  作者：Hassan Valizadeh、Hamid Gholipour、Ashkan Shomali

  DOI：10.1007/s00706-011-0574-7

  日期：2012.3

  Abstract1-(4-Nitritobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride has been developed as a new reagent for efficient nitrosation of secondary amines at 0 °C to room temperature. A variety of N-nitrosamines were prepared in excellent yields by use of this task-specific ionic liquid under mild and heterogeneous conditions. Graphical abstract

  摘要1-（4-硝基丁基）-3-甲基咪唑鎓盐已开发为一种新型试剂，可在0°C到室温下对仲胺进行高效亚硝化。通过在温和和非均质条件下使用此任务特定的离子液体，可以以极高的收率制备各种N-亚硝胺。 图形概要

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