Alvimopan is primarily metabolized by intestinal flora to an active metabolite although it has no clinically significant contribution to the effects of the drug.
... There was no evidence that hepatic metabolism was a significant route for alvimopan elimination. ... Unabsorbed drug and unchanged alvimopan resulting from biliary excretion were then hydrolyzed to its metabolite by gut microflora. The metabolite was eliminated in the feces and in the urine as unchanged metabolite, the glucuronide conjugate of the metabolite, and other minor metabolites.
Following oral administration of alvimopan, an amide hydrolysis compound is present in the systemic circulation, which is considered a product exclusively of intestinal flora metabolism. This compound is referred to as the metabolite. It is also a mu-opioid receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.8 nM (0.3 ng/mL). ... There was a delay in the appearance of the metabolite, which had a median Tmax of 36 hours following administration of a single dose of alvimopan. Concentrations of the metabolite were highly variable between subjects and within a subject. The metabolite accumulated after multiple doses of ENTEREG. The mean Cmax for the metabolite after alvimopan 12 mg twice daily for 5 days was 35.73 + or - 35.29 ng/mL.
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 用于研究药物诱导肝损伤的FDA批准药物标签,药物发现今日,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank:按在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。药物发现今日2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
Alvimopan's high affinity for the peripheral mu-receptor leads to slower absorption dependent on dissociation from the receptor and subsequently low oral bioavailability of less than 7%.
Biliary secretion was considered the primary pathway for alvimopan elimination. Unabsorbed drug and unchanged alvimopan resulting from biliary excretion were then hydrolyzed to its ‘metabolite’ by gut microflora. Feces (via biliary excretion) & urine (35%)
Following oral administration of Entereg capsules in healthy volunteers, plasma alvimopan concentration peaked at approximately 2 hours postdose. No significant accumulation in alvimopan concentration was observed following twice daily (BID) dosing. The mean peak plasma concentration was 10.98 (+ or - 6.43) ng/mL and mean AUC0-12hr was 40.2 (+ or - 22.5) ng hr/mL after dosing of alvimopan at 12 mg BID for 5 days. The absolute bioavailability was estimated to be 6% (range, 1% to 19%). Plasma concentrations of alvimopan increased approximately proportionally with increasing doses between 6 and 18 mg, but less than proportionally from 18 to 24 mg.
[EN] AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF [[2(S)-[[4(R)-(3-HYDROXY PHENYL)-3(R), 4-DIMETHYL-1 -PIPERIDINYL]METHYL]-1 -OXO-3-PHENYLPROPYL] AMINO]ACETIC ACID DIHYDRATE [FR] PROCÉDÉ AMÉLIORÉ DE PRÉPARATION DE DIHYDRATE D'ACIDE [[2(S)-[[4(R)-(3-HYDROXYPHÉNYL)-3(R),4-DIMÉTHYL-1-PIPÉRIDINYL]MÉTHYL]-1-OXO-3-PHÉNYLPROPYL]AMINO]ACÉTIQUE
[EN] BIOREVERSABLE PROMOIETIES FOR NITROGEN-CONTAINING AND HYDROXYL-CONTAINING DRUGS<br/>[FR] PRO-FRAGMENTS BIORÉVERSIBLES POUR MÉDICAMENTS CONTENANT DE L'AZOTE ET DE L'HYDROXYLE
申请人:BAIKANG SUZHOU CO LTD
公开号:WO2015081891A1
公开(公告)日:2015-06-11
Disclosed are promoieties of the following formula which can be used to form prodrugs of nitrogen-containing or hydroxyl-containing drug or a pharmaceutically active agent: (I) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the prodrugs.
The present invention concerns prodrugs of opioid analgesics and pharmaceutical compositions containing such prodrugs. Methods for providing more consistent pain relief by increasing the bioavailability of the opioid analgesic with the aforementioned prodrugs are provided. The invention also provides for decreasing the adverse GI side effects of opioid analgesics.
[EN] MACROCYCLIC PEPTIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF WITH OPIOID ACTIVITY<br/>[FR] PEPTIDES MACROCYCLIQUES ET LEURS DÉRIVÉS À ACTIVITÉ OPIOÏDE
申请人:UNIV FLORIDA
公开号:WO2018232285A1
公开(公告)日:2018-12-20
The invention relates to macrocyclic peptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions for modulating opioid receptor activity.
这项发明涉及大环肽及其药物组合物。该发明还涉及用于调节阿片受体活性的药物组合物。
NOVEL PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVE HAVING 5-HT2B RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY
申请人:Yamagishi Tatsuya
公开号:US20110275628A1
公开(公告)日:2011-11-10
Disclosed is a compound represented by general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is useful as a selective antagonist of a 5-HT
2B
receptor. The compound and salt are useful for treatment or prevention of various diseases and conditions associated with a 5-HT
2B
receptor.
[EN] BENZYLBENZENE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE BENZYLBENZÈNE ET PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION
申请人:THERACOS INC
公开号:WO2009026537A1
公开(公告)日:2009-02-26
Provided are compounds having an inhibitory effect on sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter SGLT. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing the compounds, synthetic intermediates, and methods of using the compounds, independently or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for treating diseases and conditions which are affected by SGLT inhibition.